具备消耗性热沉的燃油热管理系统性能分析及优化  

Performance analysis and optimization of fuel thermal management system with expendable heat sink

作　　者：杨世宇 于海育 林远方 梁新刚[1] YANG Shiyu;YU Haiyu;LIN Yuanfang;LIANG Xingang(School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《航空学报》2025年第4期68-82,共15页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2019-Ⅲ-0001-0044)。

摘　　要：为研究多温度限制点条件下具备消耗性热沉的燃油热管理系统(FTMS)工作性能,通过优化消耗性热沉的使用延长FTMS的正常工作时间(热航时),以液态甲烷(LM)为消耗性热沉构建了仿真流路。首先,分析了FTMS的热回油特性,结果表明系统正常工作时燃油热沉消耗速率随供油泵流量的增加而增大。当冲压空气不足时,返回燃油箱的燃油温度成为FTMS的主要限制温度,为满足热回油的温度要求,系统的最优供油泵流量过大,导致散热性能不佳。此时使用LM不仅可以冷却热回油,还可以通过减小最优供油泵流量进一步减少燃油热沉的消耗。随后,探究了中间回油支路(MFRB)对FTMS散热性能的影响,结果表明当冲压空气不足时,MFRB不仅可以增大燃烧燃油的散热量,同样可以通过减小最优供油泵流量进一步提升系统的散热能力。标准工况下无LM时的燃油热沉消耗速率可被新流路降低17.62%。接着,分析了LM的流量特性,结果表明可根据LM的使用效果将LM供给流量划分成LM的高效作用区、一般作用区和低效作用区。最后,提出了一种LM的动态供给策略,相较于恒定小流量和大流量的LM供给策略,标准工况下热航时分别提升了9.21%和27.44%。To investigate the performance of a Fuel Thermal Management System(FTMS)with expendable heat sink under multiple temperature limit points,and to extend the system’s longest normally working time(thermal endur⁃ance)by optimizing the utilization of expendable heat sink,a simulation flow path using Liquid Methane(LM)as the expendable heat sink was constructed.Initially,the characteristics of hot fuel return were analyzed.The results indi⁃cate that the fuel heat sink consumption rate increases with increasing supply pump flow rate during normal opera⁃tions.When the ram air is insufficient,the fuel return temperature to the fuel tank becomes the main limit temperature of the FTMS,and to meet the temperature requirement of hot fuel return,the system optimal supply pump flow rate is too high,resulting in a poor heat dissipation performance.In this case,the use of LM can not only cool the hot fuel re⁃turn,but also further reduce the fuel heat sink consumption by reducing the optimal supply pump flow rate.Subse⁃quently,the effect of the Middle Fuel Return Branch(MFRB)on system heat dissipation performance was explored.The results show that once the ram air is insufficient,the MFRB can not only increase the heat dissipation through combustion fuel,but also further enhance the system heat dissipation capability by decreasing the optimal supply pump flow rate as well.The fuel heat sink consumption rate under the standard condition without LM can be reduced by 17.62%in the new flow path.Next,the characteristics of LM supply flow were analyzed.The results demonstrate that the LM supply flow rate can be divided into the high efficiency,general,and low efficiency zones for LM according to the effect of using LM.Finally,a new dynamic supply strategy of LM was proposed.Under the standard condition,the thermal endurance can be improved by 9.21%and 27.44%compared to the constant low flow and high flow LM supply strategies,respectively.

关 键 词：热管理系统 热沉 动态优化 热航时 燃油 

分 类 号：V245[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]