数控机床滚珠丝杠拉压刚度与形变分析及补偿方法  

Analysis and Compensation Method for Tension Stiffness and Deformation of CNC Machine Tools Ball Screw

作　　者：李帅 吕桂梅 朱云锋 LI Shuai;LV Guimei;ZHU Yunfeng(School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering,Guangxi Science&Technology of Normal University,Laibin Guangxi 546199,China;Guangxi Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute,Guilin Guangxi 530299,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科技师范学院先进制造工程学院,广西来宾546199 [2]广西壮族自治区特种设备检验研究院,广西桂林530299

出　　处：《机床与液压》2025年第2期24-30,共7页Machine Tool & Hydraulics

基　　金：广西科技师范学院青年科研创新团队项目(GXKS2024QNTD20);广西科技师范学院高层次人才引进项目(GXKS2022GKY004);广西教育科学重点研究基地项目(广西科技师范学院2024-2027)。

摘　　要：针对数控机床滚珠丝杠拉压刚度变化引起的形变问题,以某公司内循环单螺母滚珠丝杠副为研究对象,通过矩阵变换法建立滚珠丝杠空间位姿数学模型,并利用有限元法分析拉压刚度对滚珠丝杠径向形变的影响。提出一种内嵌式螺旋回流滚道的设计方案,利用滚珠空回行程增加负载滚珠数量。结果表明:工作状态下的滚珠丝杠副拉压刚度不是均匀分布的,而是呈两边高、中间低的二次抛物线函数形态分布;当滚珠螺母处于丝杠中央时,此时滚珠丝杠副拉压刚度最小,丝杠径向形变量最大,为9.47μm;当滚珠螺母处于丝杠两端时,此时滚珠丝杠副拉压刚度最大,丝杠径向形变量最小,为0.6μm;补偿后的滚珠丝杠与传统滚珠回流方式相比,径向形变量平均可以降低43.9%,平均额定动载荷提升了27%,拉压刚度提升了61.8%。Aiming at the problem of deformation caused by the change of tension stiffness of ball screws of CNC machine tools,taking a company′s inner-circulating single-nut ball screw sub as the research object,the mathematical model of ball screw space position was established through the matrix transformation method,and the influence of tension stiffness on the radial deformation of the ball screw was analyzed by using the finite element method.A design scheme of embedded spiral return raceway was proposed to increase the number of loaded balls by using the empty return stroke of the balls.The results show that the tension stiffness of the ball screw is not uniformly distributed under the working condition,but is distributed in the form of a quadratic parabolic function with high sides and low middle.When the ball nut is in the center of the screw,the tension stiffness of the ball screw is the smallest,and the radial deformation of the screw is the largest,which is 9.47μm.When the ball nut is at the ends of the screw,the tension stiffness of the ball screw is the largest,and the radial deformation of the screw is the smallest,which is 0.6μm.Compared with the traditional ball return method,the radial deformation of the compensated ball screw can be reduced by 43.9%on average,and the average rated dynamic load can be increased by 27%,and the tension stiffness can be increased by 61.8%.

关 键 词：数控机床 滚珠丝杠副 拉压刚度 负载滚珠 

分 类 号：TH132[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]