CFRP表面增韧氧化硅纤维隔热瓦的抗冲击性能研究  

Study on Impact Resistance of Silica Fiber Insulation Tiles Toughened by CFRP Layer

作　　者：张俊超 马晓亮[1] 钟业盛[1] 王乔 史丽萍[1] ZHANG Junchao;MA Xiaoliang;ZHONG Yesheng;WANG Qiao;SHI Liping(National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2025年第3期67-75,共9页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术国家级重点实验室基金(JZKJW20230074–02)。

摘　　要：为了提高隔热瓦的抗冲击力学性能,选择碳纤维增强邻苯二甲腈树脂基复合材料作为增韧层,采用一体化成型工艺制备了表面带有防护层的隔热瓦复合结构。首先,对不同增韧层的隔热瓦进行落锤冲击试验,对比相同能量下不同增韧层对隔热瓦的防护效果。然后,对碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)表面增韧隔热瓦开展不同冲击能量与处理温度的低速冲击试验,研究材料的冲击损伤特性。结果表明,CFRP表面增韧隔热瓦的抗冲击性能最好,在增韧层厚度1 mm、冲击能量10 J的条件下,峰载荷可达2.034 kN,冲击深度达9.904 mm,能量吸收率为96.93%。冲击后表面增韧层出现界面分层与纤维裂纹,隔热瓦内部发生压溃型损伤而产生粉末,在冲击区域形成空腔。该表面增韧层可承受20 J的能量冲击而不会被穿透,450℃高温处理后仍具有冲击防护效果。本研究可为未来隔热瓦的冲击防护研究提供新思路。In order to improve the impact resistance of thermal insulation tiles,carbon fiber reinforced phthalonitrile resin matrix composite was selected as the toughening layer,and the thermal insulation tile composite structure with protective layer was prepared by an integrated molding process.Firstly,a drop hammer impact test was carried out to compare protective effect of different toughening layers on the insulation tiles under the same energy.Then,low-velocity impact tests with different impact energies and temperatures were carried out to study impact damage characteristics of CFRP toughened thermal insulation tiles.The results show that CFRP toughened insulation tile has the best impact resistance.When the thickness of toughening layer is 1 mm,the peak load under 10 J energy impact is 2.034 kN,the impact depth is 9.904 mm,and the energy absorption rate is 96.93%.After impact,the surface toughening layer shows interface delamination and fiber cracks,crushing damage occurs inside of the insulation tile to produce powder,forming a cavity in the impact area.The surface toughening layer can withstand an impact of 20 J energy without being penetrated,and is still of impact-protection effect after treated at 450 C.This study provides new ideas for the impact protection research of thermal insulation tiles in future.

关 键 词：陶瓷纤维隔热瓦 增韧层 低速冲击 机械性能 界面 

分 类 号：V25[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]