数据安全风险的刑法规制完善  

Improving the Criminal Law Regime for Data Security Risks

作　　者：冯明昱 FENG Mingyu(School of Law,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期110-119,共10页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“侵犯商业秘密罪情节标准的理解与适用”(KYCX23_1541)。

摘　　要：大数据时代,一般数据亦会关涉经济利益、保密利益、使用性能等多重维度,需刑法及时给予有效、有力的保障。然而,我国数据犯罪规制体系尚无法实现对一般数据的周全保护,存在罪刑失衡、规制空缺等问题,且难以借助刑法教义学实现规范的合理运用。因此,我国数据安全风险的刑法规制完善问题在立法论层面仍留有较大的空白空间亟待填补。为保障数据刑法保护体系构建的有效性、合理性,数据犯罪的保护法益应立足于数据的本质属性,以数据所表征的信息为中心建构,回归法益的价值反思和目的功能,实现对人的行为而非对技术本身的规制。为控制刑法介入数据安全风险之限度,应充分考虑数据技术的双重适用困境。一般数据刑法保护体系应当结合一般数据之处理活动的风险类型增设不同罪名,在释放数据价值的同时有效控制数据安全风险。In the era of“data overflow”,general data may also involve economic interests,confidentiality interests,use performance and other multiple dimensions,which needs to be given effective and powerful protection by criminal law in a timely manner.However,China’s data crime regulation system has not yet been able to achieve comprehensive protection of general data,and there are problems such as imbalance between crime and punishment and regulatory gaps,so it is difficult to achieve the reasonable application of norms through criminal law doctrine.Therefore,there is still a large gap to be filled at the level of legislative theory to improve the criminal law system of data security risks in China.In order to guarantee the effectiveness and rationality of the construction of the data criminal law protection system,the legal interest of data crime protection should,based on the essential properties of data constructed with the information represented by data as the centre,return to the value reflection and purpose function of legal interest,and realize the regulation of human behavior rather than the technology itself.In order to control the limits of the involvement of criminal law in data security risks,the dual application dilemma of data technology should be fully considered.The general data criminal law protection system should create different offences in relation to the types of risks associated with general data processing activities,so as to effectively control data security risks while unlocking the value of data.

关 键 词：一般数据 数据法益 利益衡量 预防性禁令 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]