超声速喷管扩张型面对水下喷气推进振荡特性的影响  

Effect of Divergent Section Contour of Supersonic Nozzle on Oscillation Characteristics of Underwater Jet Propulsion

作　　者：王德友 李世鹏[1] 郭宝俊 张北辰 王宁飞[1] WANG Deyou;LI Shipeng;GUO Baojun;ZHANG Beichen;WANG Ningfei(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Xi’an Yuanhang Vacuum Brazing Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710200,Shaanxi,China;Beijing Power Machinery Institute,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]西安远航真空钎焊技术有限公司,陕西西安710200 [3]北京动力机械研究所,北京100074

出　　处：《兵工学报》2025年第2期240-253,共14页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：基础加强计划重点基础研究项目(2020年)。

摘　　要：为研究超声速喷管扩张型面对水下火箭推进喷管多相流动与推进性能的影响,对具有不同扩张段型面的锥形和抛物型喷管在变深度静水环境、过膨胀条件下的流动过程进行数值模拟。基于流体体积多相流模型建立水下超声速燃气射流计算模型,详细分析扩张型面类型和关键参数对喷管近场流动结构、流动分离特征和推力振荡特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:深水工作喷管内的分离激波结构高度不稳定,扩张段分离点处还可能呈现气-液分离,喷管推力在满流值的基础上振荡;抛物型喷管内存在流动分离模式的动态转换,受限激波分离下气-液分离现象不显著,与型面参数相比,型面类型的影响更为突出,抛物型喷管的推力振荡比锥形喷管更缓和,且在大水深下的差异更明显;在90 m水深下,不同型面喷管平均推力的最大差异达到基准抛物型喷管的10.13%。The effect of the divergent section contour of supersonic nozzle on the multiphase flow and propulsion performance of underwater rocket propulsion nozzle is studied by a series of numerical simulations.The underwater flow processes of conical and parabolic nozzles with different divergent section contours under still water,variable depth and over-expanded conditions are simulated.A numerical model of underwater supersonic gas jet is established based on the volume of fluid(VOF)multiphase model.The influence laws of the contour types and key parameters of divergent section on the nozzle near-field flow structure,flow separation characteristics,and thrust oscillation characteristics are analyzed.The results show that the separation shock structure in the nozzle operating in deep water is highly unstable.The gas-liquid separation may also occur at the separation point in the divergent section,and the nozzle thrust oscillates on the basis of the full-flow value.There is a dynamic transition of flow separation patterns in parabolic nozzles,and the gas-liquid separation phenomenon is not significant under the restricted shock separation(RSS)pattern.The effect of contour type is more pronounced than that of contour parameters,with the parabolic nozzles having more moderate thrust oscillations than the conical nozzles,and the difference is more significant at greater water depths.At a depth of 90 m,the maximum difference in average thrust of the nozzles with different contours reaches 10.13%of that of the basic parabolic nozzle.

关 键 词：水下喷气推进 超声速燃气射流 喷管型面 流动分离 推力振荡 

分 类 号：TJ610.1[兵器科学与技术—武器系统与运用工程]