细胞外囊泡在农业与环境保护中的作用研究进展  

Research Progress on Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Agriculture and Environmental Protection

作　　者：姚卫格 樊丽 孙蕊 康杰 葛菁萍[1] YAO Weige;FAN Li;SUN Rui;KANG Jie;GE Jingping(Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology,Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation for Cold Region/Key Laboratory of Microbiology,College of Heilongjiang Province/School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Qiqihar Institute for Drug Control,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学生命科学学院/农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心/黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室/黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [2]齐齐哈尔市药品检验中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第6期88-93,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金联合基金培育项目“群体感应对寒地黑土遗留有机磷的矿化及迁移驱动机制研究”(PL2024D015);黑龙江省高校基本科研业务费“群体感应介导下重组根圈细菌菌群对土壤磷养分循环的调控机制”(2023-KYYWF-1448);黑龙江省生态环境厅生态环境保护科研项目“人工重组细菌菌群对黑土磷障碍的解控机制”(HST20TR004)。

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是由细胞释放到细胞外基质的小泡,其成分与细胞膜高度相似性。几乎所有类型的细胞都能分泌囊泡,而细菌产生的囊泡被称为细菌源性囊泡。囊泡在农业和环境保护中扮演着重要作用。为了更好的了解囊泡在环境保护领域起到的作用,本文综述了囊泡的种类及组成,提取方式,产生、分泌与调控机制及其在降解土壤中农药废弃物方面的作用,深入分析了囊泡在细菌之间和病原菌与农作物之间的相互作用,展望了囊泡在环境保护与农业生产领域的潜在应用前景。最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望,认为应深入理解囊泡功能,并研究囊泡在生态系统范畴的作用,利用囊泡在生态系统中的作用为环境保护做出更多贡献。Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are small vesicles released into the extracellular matrix by cells and retain a high compositional similarity to the cell membrane.Almost all types of cells are capable of secreting vesicles,and those produced by bacteria are usually referred to as bacterial extracellular vesicles.Vesicles play an important role in agriculture and environmental protection.To gain a deeper insight into the function of vesicles within the realm of environmental protection,a review was conducted on the types and composition of vesicles,extraction methods,production,secretion and regulation mechanisms and their roles in degrading pesticide wastes in soils.Moreover,the importance of vesicles in the relationships among bacteria and between pathogens and crops,as well as their potential applications in the field of environmental protection and agricultural production were discussed in depth.Finally,the future research direction was prospected,and it was believed that the function of vesicles should be deeply understood and the role of vesicles in the ecosystem category should be studied,and the role of vesicles in the ecosystem should be utilized to make more contributions to environmental protection.

关 键 词：细胞外囊泡 细菌源性囊泡 农业与环境保护 农药降解 提取方式 产生、分泌与调控机制 生态 

分 类 号：Q89[生物学]