盐碱交互胁迫对河蚬的毒性作用  

Toxic Effects of Salt-alkali Interaction on Corbicula fluminea

作　　者：朱培灿 刘以安 周芳雨 刘博[1] ZHU Peican;LIU Yi'an;ZHOU Fangyu;LIU Bo(School of Marine Science and Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学海洋科学与工程学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2025年第6期159-164,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)在盐碱胁迫条件下的生理和分子响应。通过将河蚬暴露于不同浓度的盐碱胁迫下,对其存活率以及ATP酶活力进行监测和分析,测定了河蚬对氯化钠盐度、碳酸氢钠碱度以及盐碱交互胁迫的耐受能力。结果表明,河蚬在24、48、72、96 h氯化钠盐度半致死浓度(LD_(50))分别为70.22、44.86、22.87、9.92 g/L,安全浓度(SC)为5.5 g/L;在24、48、72、96 h碳酸氢钠碱度半致死浓度(LD_(50))分别为309.56、188.03、86.4、35.97 mmol/L,SC为20.81 mmol/L。盐碱联合对河蚬的胁迫具有拮抗作用,盐碱联合毒性低于单一盐度或碱度。在用安全浓度的盐碱水胁迫后12 h鳃的Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATP酶活力与Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活力显著上升(P<0.05),24 h恢复至正常水平后逐渐上升且均在72 h达到最大值(P<0.05)。研究表明河蚬对盐碱水环境具有一定的耐受能力,可以尝试在盐度低于5.5 g/L或碱度低于20.81 mmol/L的盐碱水环境下开展养殖。This study aims to investigate the physiological and molecular responses of Corbicula fluminea to salt-alkali stress.Corbicula fluminea was subjected to varying concentrations of salt-alkali stress to monitor and analyze survival rates and ATPase activity,thereby assessing its tolerance to sodium chloride-induced salinity,sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalinity,and the combined effects of salt-alkali interaction stress.The findings indicated that the median lethal concentrations(LD50)of sodium chloride at 24,48,72,and 96 h were 70.22,44.86,22.87,and 9.92 g/L,respectively,with a safe concentration(SC)of 5.5 g/L;the median lethal concentrations(LD50)of sodium bicarbonate alkalinity at 24,48,72,and 96 h were 309.56,188.03,86.4,35.97 mmol/L,and SC was 20.81 mmol/L.The interaction of salt-alkali stress exhibited an antagonistic effect on Corbicula fluminea,with the toxicity of the combined stress being less than that of either salinity or alkalinity alone.Following exposure to saline-alkali water at a safe concentration,the activities of Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)-ATPase and Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase in the gills demonstrated a significant increase within the first 12 hours(P<0.05).These activities continued to rise,reaching normal levels after 24 hours and peaking at 72 hours(P<0.05).The study indicates that Corbicula fluminea exhibits a degree of tolerance to saline-alkaline water conditions,indicating its potential for cultivation in environments where salinity does not exceed 5.5 g/L or alkalinity remains below 20.81 mmol/L.

关 键 词：河蚬 盐度 碱度 盐碱交互 盐碱胁迫 ATP酶 毒性反应 生理响应 耐受能力 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]