轮椅人员疏散特性试验研究  

Experimental study on evacuation characteristics of wheelchair-bound people

作　　者：张博思 孙柏林 王新宇 余志红 Zhang Bosi;Sun Bolin;Wang Xinyu;Yu Zhihong(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Labor Relations,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国劳动关系学院安全工程学院,北京100048

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第2期168-174,共7页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：中国劳动关系学院“中央高校基本业务费专项资金”项目(24ZYJS016)。

摘　　要：随着我国社会老龄化加剧,轮椅人员疏散在建筑安全疏散设计中的重要性日益凸显。本文通过设计试验,研究轮椅人员在自驱和推行两种不同疏散模式下的疏散特性,以及发生对向或者同向行走冲突时的避让行为。试验表明,由于推行人员更容易向轮椅施加推力,也更容易控制轮椅前进方向,因此,相比于轮椅人员自驱疏散,轮椅人员推行疏散速度更快,约为自驱疏散速度的1.9~2.6倍;在两种疏散模式下,轮椅人员的疏散速度均会随着通道宽度的增加而持续增大,这主要是由于在窄通道条件下,轮椅人员易于与通道边界发生碰撞,导致疏散速度降低。当与对向人员交汇时,轮椅人员的行走方向通常会向右偏移以避让冲突;当与其他轮椅人员水平并排疏散时,轮椅人员通常会调整速度,转变为碰撞冲突可能性最低的前后纵向疏散模式。因此,在考虑轮椅人员的安全疏散设计中,应确保轮椅人员有足够的可用宽度,以避免其疏散速度受到限制,同时在有条件的情况下,尽量采用他人辅助疏散模式。With the aggravation of aging population,the importance of wheelchair users' evacuation in building safety evacuation design is becoming increasingly prominent.The evacuation characteristics of wheelchairbound people under self-drive and push-drive evacuation patterns and the conflict avoidance behaviors when encounter with other wheelchair-bound people in the same or the opposite directions were investigated through designed experiments.Results showed that the evacuation speed of wheelchair-bound people under push-drive pattern were 1.9~2.6 times larger than that under self-drive pattern,since it is easier to push the wheelchair and control the direction under the push-drive pattern.The evacuation speed of wheelchair-bound people increased with the increasement of the width of aisle under both self-drive and push-drive evacuation patterns.This is mainly due to that the wheelchair-bound people are easy to collide with the passage boundary and reduce the evacuation speed under narrow passage conditions.When encounter with the opposite people,the wheelchairbound people always shifted to the right to avoid walking conflict,and they always adjusted their speed to form the front and rear longitudinal evacuation mode when they evacuating side-by-side with other wheelchair users.Therefore,in the design of safe evacuation for wheelchair-bounded people,a reasonable evacuation width should be set to avoid limiting their evacuation speed,and the assisted evacuation mode should be adopted as much as possible under favorable conditions.

关 键 词：轮椅人员 安全疏散 疏散模式 疏散宽度 冲突避让行为 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TQ028.8[化学工程]