不同建筑物内烟感报警的可靠性研究  

Reliability study of smoke detection warning in different buildings

作　　者：余巍 郑元栋 吕银华 邵飞 Yu Wei;Zheng Yuandong;Lv Yinhua;Shao Fei(School of Public Management,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310040,China;Xihu Fire and Rescue Division,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310012,China;Hangzhou Yinhu Safety Technology Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311402,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院,浙江杭州310030 [2]杭州市西湖区消防救援大队,浙江杭州310012 [3]杭州银湖安全科技有限公司,浙江杭州311402

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第2期262-269,共8页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：感烟火灾探测器(简称烟感)是目前建构筑物内最为广泛使用的火灾探测器。为了解烟感在火灾早期报警中的报警规律、分布特征和具体作用,统计了2020-2023年浙江省消防远程监控现有150万只烟感数据,系统研究有线和无线烟感报警在楼宇建筑和自建房内时间特征、空间分布和干扰源等客观规律。研究结果表明:从整体数据来看,烟感起到早期火灾报警作用,尤其是无线烟感更好地保护了自建房,防止火灾伤亡事故发生;从可靠性来看,烟感发现真实火情的准确率较低(只有0.02%),99.98%的火警是非火灾因素产生的误报;通过关联度分析,楼宇建筑内烟感报警与人员活动密切关联,自建房等非正规建筑内烟感报警主要与烹饪油烟、水蒸气相关。本文还分析总结了消除烟感误报的15种可能方法和可行性评价,为从根本上提升感烟探测器的准确率提供了解决思路。Smoke detectors are currently the most widely used fire detectors in buildings.In order to understand the alarm patterns,distribution characteristics,and specific roles of smoke detectors in fire detection,a total of 1.5 million smoke detector data were collected from the fire remote network in Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2023.The system studied the objective laws of wired and wireless smoke detector alarms in building and self built buildings,including their time characteristics,spatial distribution,and interference sources.The research results indicate that:From the overall data,smoke detectors play an early fire warning role,especially wireless smoke detectors better protect self built houses and prevent fire accidents from occurring;In terms of reliability,the accuracy of smoke detectors detecting real fire situations is relatively low(only 2/10 000),with 99.98% of fire alarm reports indicating indoor air pollution levels;Through correlation analysis,the main factors affecting false alarms of smoke in formal settlements are human activities,while in informal settlements,the influencing factors are cooking fumes,water vapor.This article also analyzes and summarizes 15 possible methods and feasibility evaluations for eliminating false alarms in smoke detectors,providing a solution for fundamentally im-proving the reliability of smoke detectors.

关 键 词：火灾报警 烟感误报率 影响因素 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]