2023年12月——2024年4月山西省临汾市人民医院流感样病例病原监测及流行病学特征分析  

Pathogen surveillance and epidemiological characteristics analysis of influenza-like cases in Linfen city,Shanxi province,from December 2023 to April 2024

作　　者：史春亮 梁红雷 张勇[2] 李多[2] SHI Chunliang;LIANG Honglei;ZHANG Yong;LI Duo(Medical Laboratory Department of Linfen People's Hospital,Linfen,Shanxi 041000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]临汾市人民医院医学检验科,山西临汾041000 [2]云南省疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制所,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2024年第6期541-546,共6页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：云南省疾病预防控制中心科技计划项目(2023ZX006)。

摘　　要：目的了解山西省临汾市人民医院冬春季就诊的流感样病例中常见6种呼吸道急性传染病病原感染情况,分析其病原谱及流行病学特征。方法收集2023年12月—2024年4月山西省临汾市人民医院就诊的流感样病例(influenza like illness,ILI)的咽拭子样本,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测流感病毒、新型冠状病毒、人鼻病毒、人腺病毒、肺炎支原体及人呼吸道合胞病毒6种常见急性呼吸道传染病病原,并对不同性别、年龄及月份病原检出情况进行分析。结果共收集并检测ILI样本2378份,检出阳性标本1463份,总体阳性率为61.52%,其中阳性率排名前三位的为流感病毒(18.50%,440/2378)、呼吸道合胞病毒(14.72%,350/2378)及新型冠状病毒(13.62%,324/2378);病原混合感染率为4.17%,包括双重感染(3.83%,91/2378)以及三重感染(0.34%,8/2378),其中以流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒及肺炎支原体合并其他病原感染情况最为常见。不同性别感染分析结果显示男性病例比例为53.25%(779/1463),女性病例比例为46.75%(684/1463),不同性别中的总体病原阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.93,P=0.047),不同年龄段的人群病原阳性率差异也有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.895,P<0.001),其中60岁及以上年龄组的病原总体阳性率最高(69.55%,338/486),0~<5岁次之(67.65%,460/680);同时,不同病原在不同年龄组中的阳性率差异也有统计学意义,0~<5岁年龄组以呼吸道合胞病毒阳性率最高(34.26%,233/680),5~<15岁和15~<60岁年龄组以流感病毒阳性率(分别为22.02%和25.99%)最高,≥60岁年龄组以新型冠状病毒阳性率最高(42.39%,206/486)。不同病原在冬春季期间呈现出其特征性流行规律。结论2023年12月—2024年4月临汾市ILI病例非细菌性呼吸道病原的总体感染率较高,其中以流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒及新型冠状病毒感染最为常见,应加强对上述呼吸道病毒的持续监测和研究。Objective To investigate the prevalence of six common respiratory pathogens in influenza-like illness(ILI)cases presenting at Linfen People's Hospital during the winter-spring season and to analyze their pathogen spectrum and epidemiological characteristics.Methods Throat swab samples from ILI patients at Linfen People's Hospital in Shanxi province from December 2023 to April 2024 were collected.Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)was used to detect six common acute respiratory pathogens:influenza virus,novel coronavirus,human rhinovirus,human adenovirus,mycoplasma pneumonia,and human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).The detection rates were analyzed based on gender,age,and month of sampling.Results A total of 2378 ILI case samples were collected and tested,with 1463 positive samples,resulting in an overall positivity rate of 61.52%.The top three pathogens identified were influenza virus(18.50%,440/2378),human respiratory syncytial virus(14.72%,350/2378)and novel coronavirus(13.62%,324/2378).The mixed infection rate was 4.17%,comprising dual infections(3.83%,91/2378)and triple infection(0.34%,8/2378),with the most common combinations involving influenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Gender analysis showed that males accounted for 53.25%(779/1463)and females for 46.75%(684/1463),with a statistically significant difference in overall pathogen positivity rates between genders(χ^(2)=3.93,P=0.047).Age group analysis also revealed significant differences in positivity rates(χ^(2)=46.895,P<0.001),with the highest overall positivity rate found in the≥60 age group(69.55%,338/486)and the 0-<5 age group following closely(67.65%,460/680).Notably,the positive rate of different viruses in different age groups was also different.The detection rate of the respiratory syncytial virus was the highest in the 0-5year-old group(34.26%,233/680),the detection rate of influenza virus was the highest in the 5-15 year-old and 15-60 year-old groups(22.02%and 25.99%,respectivel

关 键 词：呼吸道传染病 流感样病例 非细菌性呼吸道病原 流行病学 

分 类 号：R183.5[医药卫生—流行病学]