四种冠状病毒抗体依赖性增强作用的研究进展  

Advances in the study of antibody-dependent enhancement of four coronaviruses

作　　者：甄树烨 岳红 魏佳琪 孟子燕 张瑞彤 朱洪伟 于馨 刘洋 于佳玉 ZHEN Shuye;YUE Hong;WEI Jiaqi;MENG Ziyan;ZHANG Ruitong;ZHU Hongwei;YU Xin;LIU Yang;YU Jiayu(School of Life Science,Ludong University,Yantai,Shandong 264025,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《中国病毒病杂志》2024年第6期590-599,共10页Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases

基　　金：烟台市校地融合发展项目(平台建设类、其他类)。

摘　　要：抗体依赖性增强(antibody-dependent enhancement,ADE)是一个引发广泛关注的免疫学现象,特别在与冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)相关的大流行中备受关注。本文深入探讨了冠状病毒中两种潜在的ADE效应发生机制,即抗体介导复制和增强免疫活化。同时,介绍了关于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus,SARS-CoV)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,MERS-CoV)、新型冠状病毒(severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2,SARS-CoV-2)以及猫传染性腹膜炎病毒(felineinfectiousperitonitisvirus,FIPV)中存在ADE效应的研究结果。SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2中均存在ADE现象,主要通过抗体与Fc受体或补体系统介导。在SARS-CoV中,抗体-病毒复合物通过FcγRⅡ受体增强病毒感染;MERS-CoV的ADE效应同样由Fc受体介导,并可能引发疫苗相关性疾病。SARS-CoV-2的ADE效应已在体外实验中得到证实,但尚未在临床数据中显示。FIPV中的ADE效应也由FcγR介导,增强病毒复制。此外,本综述还就ADE效应对疫苗设计和研发的影响进行了详细讨论,以期为未来冠状病毒疫苗的开发提供重要的参考和指导。通过深入理解ADE效应的发生机制和影响,可以更有针对性地设计疫苗,从而提高疫苗的安全性和有效性。Antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)is an immunological phenomenon that has garnered significant attention,particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.This paper provides two potential mechanisms of ADE in coronaviruses:antibody-mediated replication and enhanced immune activation.It summarizes research findings related to ADE effects in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV),Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV),severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2),and feline infectious peritonitis virus(FIPV).ADE has been observed in SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,and SARS-CoV-2,primarily mediated by antibodies interacting with Fc receptors or the complement system.In SARS-CoV,antibody-virus complexes enhance viral infection through the FcγRⅡreceptor.Similarly,ADE effects of MERS-CoV are mediated by Fc receptors and may result in vaccine-associated diseases.Although ADE effects of SARS-CoV-2 have been confirmed in vitro,clinical data remains inconclusive.In FIPV,ADE effects are also facilitated by FcγR,thereby enhancing viral replication.The implications of ADE on vaccine design and development are thoroughly explored,aiming to offer valuable insights and guidance for future coronavirus vaccine development.A deeper understanding of the mechanisms and impacts of ADE can facilitate the targeted design of vaccines,thereby improving their safety and efficacy.

关 键 词：冠状病毒 严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-COV) 中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒 新型冠状病 

分 类 号：R373.1[医药卫生—病原生物学]