微振动对空间光学成像影响的定量分析  

Quantitative Analysis of Influence of Micro-Vibration on Space Optical Imaging

作　　者：王纪元 周徐斌[1] 汪自军[1] 张智冠 Wang Jiyuan;Zhou Xubin;Wang Zijun;Zhang Zhiguan(Department of Meteorological and Environmental Satellite,Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]上海卫星工程研究所气象环境卫星总体部,上海201109

出　　处：《光学学报》2024年第24期114-124,共11页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3901800,2022YFB3901805)。

摘　　要：随着遥感技术的迅速发展,光学成像系统的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率等指标不断提升,微振动对空间光学成像的影响不可忽视。对空间光学系统受微振动影响导致的性能退化进行定量研究,建立了基于调制传递函数(MTF)的定量分析模型,提出了振动影响边界(VIB)和光学结构影响边界(OSIB)假设,使用光线追踪法、空间采样法、快速傅里叶变换计算MTF。模型可应用于分析光学系统对扰振参数的敏感特性,为卫星总体光学系统和结构系统设计提供技术依据。仿真结果表明:1)VIB和OSIB具有极值性;2)光学表面沿某轴的平移振动较旋转振动对该轴方向MTF值的影响更大;3)光学系统主光学表面在仿真工况下的敏感振动频率位于74.8 Hz附近;4)两边界Nyquist频率处的MTF值大小与曝光时间有关。Objective With the rapid advancement of remote sensing technology,the spatial and spectral resolution of optical imaging systems has improved significantly,with ground resolution advancing from tens of kilometers in the early stages of development to today’s submeter levels.While lowresolution and lowdetection precision space optical imaging systems are relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances,the increase in space imaging resolution has revealed that optical imaging systems are highly sensitive to their operational environment.Uncontrolled disturbances can lead to a significant decline in imaging quality,with microvibration being a key contributing factor.In this paper,we investigate the degradation of image quality caused by microvibrations in space optical systems.Microvibrations are minute vibrations generated by moving parts of a satellite,such as flywheels and refrigerators,during inorbit operation.These vibrations are amplified through structural transmission,causing the overall movement of the space optical payload and the micromovements of optical elements.The acceleration amplitude of these vibrations is about 10-3 g,and their frequency ranges from 10-2 to 103 Hz.While traditional research on the effects of microvibration has focused on theoretical and experimental studies of specific optical systems,there remains a need for generalized quantitative analysis methods.Methods In this paper,we propose a quantitative analysis method for evaluating the degradation of imaging quality caused by microvibrations in space optical imaging systems.A quantitative image quality degradation model is developed using the modulation transfer function(MTF)as the evaluation standard.This method is based on Fourier series expansion principles,modeling optical surface microvibrations as a linear combination of sinusoidal components.Each sinusoidal component is analyzed independently.The vibration influence boundary(VIB)and optical structure influence boundary(OSIB)are defined based on the distribution of exposu

关 键 词：空间光学系统 像质退化 微振动 光线追踪 调制传递函数 定量分析模型 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]