鼠茅草间作对猕猴桃园土壤理化性质及微生物含量的影响  

Effects of Intercropping with Vulpia myuros on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Microbial Content in Kiwifruit Orchards

作　　者：常小箭[1] 张星 段志龙 陈浩 赵科刚[1] 李方向 张晨阳 王涛[1] 马建斌 侯婷婷 李铜[1] 雷同 苏梅 张婕 陈妮 CHANG Xiaojian;ZHANG Xing;DUAN Zhilong;CHEN Hao;ZHAO Kegang;LI Fangxiang;ZHANG Chenyang;WANG Tao;MA Jianbin;HOU Tingting;LI Tong;LEI Tong;SU Mei;ZHANG Jie;CHEN Ni(Xi’an Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xi’an Shaanxi 710061,China;Hanzhong Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center,Hanzhong Shaanxi 723100,China;Institute of Agricultural Science,Yan’an City,Shaanxi Province,Yan’an Shaanxi 716000,China;Huyi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Xi’an Shannxi 710061,China;GaoLing Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection and Monitoring Center,Xi’an Shaanxi 710061,China;Shaanxi Modern Agricultural Training Center,Xi’an Shaanxi 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市农业技术推广中心,陕西西安710061 [2]汉中市农业技术推广与培训中心,陕西汉中723100 [3]延安市农业科学研究院,陕西延安716000 [4]西安市鄠邑区农业技术推广中心,陕西西安710061 [5]西安市高陵区农产品质量安全检验监测中心,陕西西安710061 [6]陕西省现代农业培训中心,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2025年第2期29-34,共6页Journal of Fruit Resources

基　　金：西安市科学技术局农业技术研发项目(22NYYF033);陕西省科学技术厅农业领域一般项目(2024NC-YBXM-230)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究猕猴桃园间作鼠茅草对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群含量的影响,以期为鼠茅草间作改良果园土壤环境和鼠茅草果园栽培技术应用与推广提理论依据。【方法】以鼠茅草为供试材料,设鼠茅草间作与清耕2个处理,研究不同处理对土壤含水量、土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤养分含量以及土壤微生物含量的影响。【结果】结果表明,猕猴桃园间作鼠茅草均能提高各土层土壤含水量,其中在0~20 cm土层的土壤含水量提升效果最为显著,与清耕相比,种植鼠茅草后0~20 cm土层的土壤含水量提高了32.63%~44.23%。猕猴桃间作种鼠茅草能够降低土壤容重和提高土壤孔隙度,其中0~20 cm土壤耕层差异最为显著,与清耕相比,种植鼠茅草土壤容重下降了3.79%~7.91%,土壤孔隙度提高了2.05%~5.33%。猕猴桃间作种鼠茅草对0~20 cm、20~40 cm土壤pH值调节效果显著,间作处理pH值比清耕处理分别降低了11.05%、13.05%。间作鼠茅草对0~20 cm土层土壤有机质含量提升效果最为显著,比清耕处理提高了5.45%。鼠茅草间作对0~20 cm土壤耕层的氮、磷、钾养分含量影响最为显著,全氮和碱解氮分别增加了19.35%和10.8%;全磷和速效磷分别增加了129.41%和3.72%;全钾和速效钾分别增加了28.95%、16.98%。猕猴桃园微生物数量以细菌为主,放线菌次之,真菌数量最少,果园间作鼠茅草后,0~20 cm土层细菌、真菌、放线菌数量都显著提高,并随着时间的推移增加比例逐渐增大,与清耕相比,4月30日到8月30日细菌数量从7.73%增加到93.94%,真菌数量从172.37%增加到231.79%,放线菌数量从5.6%增加到52.5%。【结论】猕猴桃园间作鼠茅草能有效调节果园土壤pH值,并提升了土壤有机质及氮、磷、钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等营养成分含量以及土壤微生物数量,其中0~20 cm土壤耕层提升和改善的效果最佳,是适宜西安地区猕猴桃果园的生草管理�【Objective】To investigate the effect of Vulpia myuros intercropping on soil physicochemical properties and soil microbiota content in kiwifruit orchards,with a view to providing theoretical basis for the application and popularization of Vulpia myuros intercropping and Vulpia myuros orchard cultivation technology to improve the soil environment in orchards.【Methods】Two treatments of intercropping and clear tillage were set up to study the effects of different treatments on soil water content,soil bulk density,soil porosity,soil nutrient content and soil microbial content.【Results】The results showed that intercropping Vulpia myuros could increase the soil water content in all soil layers,with the most significant effect on the soil water content in the 0~20 cm soil layer.Compared with clear-farming,the soil water content in the 0~20 cm soil layer was increased by 32.63%~44.23%after planting Vulpia myuros.The kiwifruit intercropping species Vulpia myuros was able to reduce the soil bulk weight and increase the soil porosity,and the most significant differences were found in the 0~20 cm soil layer,where the soil bulk weight decreased by 3.79%~7.91%and the soil porosity increased by 2.05%~5.33%compared with the clear-cutting cultivation.The kiwifruit intercropping species Vulpia myuros had a significant effect on the pH regulation of 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils,which was reduced by 11.05%and 13.05%,respectively,compared with the clear-tillage treatment.Intercropping Vulpia myuros had the most significant effect on the increase of soil organic matter content in the 0~20 cm soil layer,which was 5.45%higher than the clear-tillage treatment.Intercropping Vulpia myuros had the most significant effect on the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient contents in the 0~20 cm soil tillage layer,with total nitrogen and alkaline dissolved nitrogen increasing by 19.35%and 10.8%,respectively;and total phosphorus and quick-acting phosphorus increasing by 129.41%and 3.72%;total potassium and quick-acting potassium incre

关 键 词：鼠茅草 猕猴桃园 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物含量 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]