不同家兔品种林下放养效果研究  

Effect of Underwood Raising Mode on Performances of Rabbit Breeds

作　　者：傅祥超[1] 左相兵 文斌[1] 白克军 吴通来 王丽焕[1] 刘汉中[1] 张凯[1] 刘宁[1] 余志菊[1] 郭小林[1] 徐飞 FU Xiangchao;ZUO Xiangbing;WEN Bin;BAI Kejun;WU Tonglai;WANG Lihuan;LIU Hanzhong;ZHANG Kai;LIU Ning;YU Zhiju;GUO Xiaolin;XU Fei(Sichuan Grassland Science Research Institute,Chengdu 611430;Grassland Research Institute of Guizhou Acade-my of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550000;Hanyuan County Forestry Bureau Sichuan Province,Hanyuan 625300;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hanyuan County Sichuan Province,,Hanyuan 625300)

机构地区：[1]四川省草原科学研究院,成都611430 [2]贵州省农科院草业研究所,贵阳550000 [3]四川省汉源县林业局,汉源625300 [4]四川省汉源县农业农村局,汉源625300

出　　处：《中国养兔》2024年第6期9-14,共6页Chinese Journal of Rabbit Farming

摘　　要：为了解家兔林下养殖方式是否可行,筛选适宜的林下养殖家兔品种,并探索林下养殖中可能存在的问题。选择6个家兔品种:福建黄兔、比利时肉兔、天府黑兔、新西兰肉兔、川白獭兔和彩色獭兔,采用单因子随机设计,约50日龄的健康仔兔,随机分配到6个林下网围栏分割小区,每组15只,试验期60 d,试验期间观察放养兔生物学习性,测定生产性能,记录健康状况,试验结束屠宰并测定肠道形态、养分消化、器官指数等相关指标。结果表明:福建黄兔的日增重显著高于其他组(P<0.05),达到21.3 g/d,彩色獭兔显著低于其他组(P<0.05),仅为9.0 g/d,其他品种日增重约18 g/d;福建黄兔小肠绒毛最长,显著高于彩色獭兔(P<0.05),回肠末端蛋白和淀粉的消化率各组差异不显著(P>0.05);各品种均具有高的健康风险,发病病死率30%左右,且全部由呼吸道疾病引起,但福建黄兔具有最高的免疫器官指数(P<0.05);行为学观察发现,各品种极少采食优势的茅草,投放30 d后可以恢复家兔的野性,补饲建立的条件反射可将家兔聚拢。综上,家兔可以在林下养殖,该试验筛选品种以福建黄兔最好,但需要采取呼吸道疾病防控、场地选择等一系列配套措施才可能实现较好的经济效益。We carried out the experiment in order to confirm feasibility of underwood raising mode for domestic rabbits,screen the suitable breeds,and discover the unexpected problems.6 rabbit breeds were selected including Fu-jian-huang rabbit,Belgium rabbit,Tian-fu-hei rabbit,New Zealand rabbit,Chuan-bai Rex rabbit and Color Rex rabbit,which were randomly assigned to 6 underwood fenced plots with 15 rabbits in each group,the experiment adopt single factor random design.The trial lasted for 60 d.Biological habit,performance and health condition of free-range rabbits were determined during feeding period.Intestinal morphology,nutrients digestibility and organs index were determined after slaughter.The experiment results shown the following.The daily gain of Fu-jian-huang rabbits was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),reaching 21.3 g/d,color Rex rabbits was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05),only 9.0 g/d,and the daily gain of other breeds was about 18 g/d.The villi height of small intestine was the largest for Fu-jian-huang rabbits,which was significantly higher than that of color Rex rabbits(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in terminal ileum digestibility for protein and starch between all groups(P>0.05).High health risk appeared in all breeds,which mortality,almost caused by respiratory diseases,was about 30%,through Fu-jian-huang rabbits had the highest immune organ index(P<0.05).Behavioral observation showed that each breed rarely consumed thatch,and the wild nature could be restored after 30 d,and the conditioned reflex established by supplementary feeding could gather the rabbits together.To sum up,It was feasible for domestic rabbits production at underwood,and Fu-jianhuang rabbit is the more suitable to breed at underwood.However,matching techniques,such as respiratory disease prevention and site selection,are needed to achieve more benefit.

关 键 词：家兔 林下养殖 行为 生长性能 健康 

分 类 号：S829.1[农业科学—畜牧学]