选取异形词推荐词形的一般方法  

A Systematic Approach to Selecting Standard Word Forms from Variants in Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：王迎春 谭景春[1] WANG Yingchun;TAN Jingchun(Institute of Linguistics/Research Center for Lexicology&Lexicography,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所/辞书编纂研究中心,北京100732

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期109-120,共12页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“面向融媒体汉语学习词典的语言资源整合及平台建设研究”(项目编号:23AYY025)。

摘　　要：《现代汉语词典》依据通用性、理据性、系统性这三个原则选取异形词推荐词形时是主次分明、相互参照的。使用的一般方法主要有:当不同词形都有理据,但理据的类型不同时,要依据权重高的理据;当不同词形都有语义理据且理据的权重相当时,要依据通用性原则;当不同词形都有语义理据且权重相当,词频也相差无几时,要依据系统性原则;当不同词形都没有语义理据时,要依据通用性原则;当某一词形的词频占绝对优势且稳定时,要依据通用性原则。上述方法是层层递进的,在辞书编纂实践中具有较强的可操作性,能够解决在选取异形词推荐词形时所遇到的绝大多数问题。因此,这些方法对现代汉语语文辞书的编纂以及异形词规范文件的制定也具有一定的参考作用。This study presents a systematic methodology for selecting standard word forms in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary,based on three hierarchical principles:universality,motivation,and systematicity.We establish a clear decision-making framework that prioritizes these principles while allowing for their interplay in complex cases.Our analysis reveals that when variant forms exhibit different types of motivations,their relative weights must be evaluated.In cases where variants share equivalent semantic motivation,usage frequency(universality)becomes the determining factor.Similarly,when semantic motivation is equivalent and usage frequency is comparable,systematicity guides the selection.For variants lacking semantic basis,or when one form shows overwhelming and stable frequency,universality takes precedence.This progressive decision-making framework offers high operational value for lexicographers and has successfully resolved the majority of variant selection challenges in dictionary compilation.The methodology provides valuable insights for both modern Chinese dictionary compilation and the standardization of variant words in official documentation.

关 键 词：异形词 通用性原则 理据性原则 系统性原则 《现代汉语词典》 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]