碳纳米纤维在铝离子电池中的应用研究  

Application Research of Carbon Nanofibers in Aluminum-ion Batteries

作　　者：杨文文 刘建学 YANG Wen-wen;LIU Jian-xue(School of Basic Education,Beijing Polytechnic College,Beijing 100042,China;Aerospace Research Institute of Materials&Processing Technology,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业职业技术学院基础教育学院,北京100042 [2]航天材料及工艺研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《化学试剂》2025年第3期53-58,共6页Chemical Reagents

基　　金：北京工业职业技术学院重点课题项目(BGY2020KY-22Z)。

摘　　要：碳纳米纤维作为一种三维碳纳米材料,可作为铝离子电池正极活性材料的载体形成柔性自支撑复合结构,兼具生长模板、导电基体以及缓冲支撑三重作用,以改善正极活性材料在储铝过程中存在的循环稳定性差、比容量不足以及倍率性能低下等问题。以聚丙烯腈为前驱体制备了氮掺杂碳纳米纤维,分别在700、800和900℃进行热处理。TEM、Raman和ICP-OES结果表明,高碳化温度会增加碳纳米纤维的石墨化程度提高其导电性,但能作为电化学活性位点的缺陷含量也会随之降低。结合EIS测试结果分析表明,900℃碳化的碳纳米纤维由于具有更高的石墨化程度而具有更小的电荷转移阻抗,而800℃碳化的碳纳米纤维由于具有更多的吡啶氮和吡咯氮等缺陷位点而具有更小的扩散阻抗。循环充放电结果显示,800℃碳化的碳纳米纤维在铝离子电池中表现出了最佳的储能性能,这是碳纳米纤维的微观结构、石墨化程度、缺陷浓度等因素共同作用的结果。这一研究成果为铝离子电池正极的设计提供了理论基础和设计依据。Served as a three-dimensional nanomaterial,carbon nanofibers can act as substrates for the cathode active materials of aluminum ion batteries to form free-standing composite structures,in which carbon nanofibers act as conductive substrate,growth template and buffer support to improve the aluminum storage performance,including rate performance,cycle stability and specific capacity.Polyacrylonitrile was used as the precursor to prepare N-doped carbon nanofibers,which were thermally treated at 700,800 and 900℃.TEM,Raman,and ICP-OES results showed that the graphitization of carbon nanofibers enhanced with the increase of carbonization temperature,while the defects which acted as electrochemical active sites would decrease.EIS results indicated that the carbon nanofibers at 900℃exhibited lower charge transfer impedance due to the graphitization,while the carbon nanofibers at 800℃have lower diffusion impedance due to more defect sites such as pyridine nitrogen and pyrrole nitrogen.As a result of microstructure,graphitization degree and defect concentration,the carbon nanofibers at 800℃exhibited the best energy storage performance in galvanostatic charge-discharge tests.The research provided a theoretical and design basis for the design of the cathode materials of aluminum ion batteries.

关 键 词：碳纳米纤维 铝离子电池 氮掺杂 碳化温度 石墨化、缺陷位点 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]