高速机械密封端面引流槽-环槽复合通道冷却特性与密封性能研究  

Cooling Characteristics and Sealing Performance of the Inlet Groove-Annular Groove Composite Channel in High-speed Mechanical Seals

作　　者：马学忠 崔元召 肖晓鑫 李聪聪 MA Xuezhong;CUI Yuanzhao;XIAO Xiaoxin;LI Congcong(School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou Gansu 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2025年第2期1-10,共10页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52005236);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA289);兰州理工大学红柳优秀青年人才支持计划(02/062205)。

摘　　要：针对机械密封在高速工况下跨尺度液膜黏性生热量大,易造成过热的问题,提出端面设有引流槽-环槽复合通道的机械密封端面构型。考虑黏性热效应和湍流效应,通过对比研究螺旋槽(SG)、引流槽-螺旋槽(IG-SG)、环槽-螺旋槽(AG-SG)和引流槽-环槽-螺旋槽(IG-AG-SG)流动传热过程,揭示引流槽-环槽复合通道的冷却机制,进一步参数化分析其对密封性能的影响规律。研究表明:密封腔内低温流体通过复合通道与内径处的高温流体形成混合流动,产生了显著的热混合效应,从而将内径侧高温区域转移到了环槽外径侧与螺旋槽槽根所夹堰区,显著降低了密封液膜与环体温度;在高速、大压差、小膜厚条件下热混合效应剧烈,当槽深超过60μm时冷却效果达到最佳并趋于稳定。热混合效应显著的冷却作用有效降低了液黏度损失,从而密封承载性能和摩擦学性能大幅提升,这对高速机械密封温度的可控设计与性能提升具有显著的工程意义。In view of the problem that the viscous heat generation in cross-scale liquid film is large and easy to cause overheating under high-speed working conditions,a mechanical seal face configuration with the inlet groove-annular groove composite channel was proposed.Considering the viscous thermal effect and turbulence effect,the flow heat transfer process of spiral groove(SG),inlet groove-spiral groove(IG-SG),annular groove-spiral groove(AG-SG),and inlet groove-annular groove-spiral groove(IG-AG-SG)seals were studied and compared.The cooling mechanism of the inlet groove-annular groove composite channel was revealed and the influence on the sealing performance was further parameterized.The results show that the low-temperature fluid in the sealing cavity forms a mixed flow with the high-temperature fluid at the inner diameter through the composite channel,which produces a significant thermal mixing effect.Therefore,the high-temperature area on the inner diameter side is transferred to the weir area between the outer diameter side of annular groove and the spiral groove root,significantly reducing the temperature of the sealing liquid film and rings.Under the conditions of high speed,large sealing pressure,and small film thickness,the thermal mixing effect is strong,and the cooling effect is optimal and stable when the groove depth exceeds 60μm.The significant cooling effect of thermal mixing effect effectively reduces the viscosity loss of liquid film,thereby greatly improving the bearing performance and tribological performance of the seal,which has significant engineering significance for the temperature controllable design and performance improvement in high-speed mechanical seals.

关 键 词：高速机械密封 黏性热 引流槽-环槽复合通道 热混合效应 冷却机制 密封性能 

分 类 号：TH136[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH117.2