运动损伤:从疾病到运动员的疾痛体验及其应对策略  

Sports Injuries:From Illness to Athletes'Pain Experience and Their Coping Strategies

作　　者：魏婉怡[1] 陆益龙[2] WEI Wanyi;LU Yilong(School of Recreation and Community Sport,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100091,China;Center for Studies of Sociological Theory and Method,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院休闲与社会体育学院,北京100091 [2]中国人民大学社会学理论与方法研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2024年第11期65-76,共12页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“‘十四五’时期北京市老龄人口健身和健康研究”(项目编号:21YTC043)。

摘　　要：从体育社会学视角关注和关心运动损伤和运动员的疾痛体验问题,再现运动员关于运动损伤和疾痛体验的主体叙事,不止是呈现运动损伤的具体形态和客观事实,更重要的是提供一种基于主体性事实的疾痛思想。采用参与观察法和深度访谈法,引入具有主体性的叙述来呈现运动员个体差异化的实践策略,基于此探讨运动损伤之于运动员的社会意义。研究发现,运动员遭受运动损伤的经历是偶然的,又是难以避免的。应对运动损伤的主体反应既有“放大”伤病影响的神经官能症现象,也有尽量隐忍伤痛坚持训练的表现,还有身体主动的自我保护策略。运动员的疾痛体验和身体叙事反映出,在遭受运动损伤后,他们大多暂时中断而非终止职业生涯,这一倾向不仅显示现行运动员体制对运动员身体和疾痛的权力规训,也体现运动员在现实情境中会作出策略性应对。因此,关注和关心运动员的运动损伤问题,既要从医学技术层面推进能力建设,更迫切需要人文的、社会的关怀机制、保障机制,尽可能降低运动损伤发生风险和伤害风险。From the perspective of sports sociology,we are concerned with the problem of sports injuries and athletes'experience of pain,aiming to reproduce athletes'subjective narratives about sports injuries and illness.This endeavor transcends mere presentations of the specific forms and objective facts of sports injuries;more importantly,it seeks to provide a kind of illness idea based on subjective realities.This paper uses participant observation and in-depth interviews to introduce subjective narratives to illustrate the differentiated practical strategies adopted by individual athletes,thereby exploring the social significance of sports injuries for athletes.The study found that athletes'experiences of sports injuries are both contingent and unavoidable.Their subjective responses to injuries ranged from neurosis that“amplifies”the effects of injuries,to perseverance in training despite considerable pain,to proactive self-protective strategies that are sensitive to the body's signals.Athletes'experiences of illness and body narratives reflect a tendency to temporarily suspend rather than terminate their careers following sports injuries.This tendency not only reveals the current athlete system's power in disciplining athletes'bodies and illnesses but also reflects athletes'strategic responses to injuries in real-life scenarios.Therefore,addressing and caring for athletes'sports injuries requires not only advancing capacity-building efforts at the medical and technical levels,but also urgently necessitates the establishment of humanistic and social care mechanisms and safeguard systems to minimize the risks of sports injuries and associated harms.

关 键 词：身体损伤 疾痛体验 运动员 运动损伤 职业生涯 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学] R873[文化科学—体育学]