铁路货车车钩铸件清理智能化关键技术研究  

Research on the key technologies for intelligent fettling of coupler castings on railway freight cars

作　　者：穆禹丞 秦兆伯 李炳萱 陈广泰 李家威 于健 MU Yucheng;QIN Zhaobo;LI Bingxuan;CHEN Guangtai;LI Jiawei;YU Jian(CRRC Technology Innovation(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100192,China;CRRC Dalian Institude Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning 116021,China;CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihar,Heilongjiang 161002,China)

机构地区：[1]中车科技创新(北京)有限公司,北京100192 [2]中车大连机车研究所有限公司,辽宁大连116021 [3]中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161002

出　　处：《轨道交通装备与技术》2025年第2期37-43,共7页Rail Transportation Equipment and Technology

基　　金：中国中车科技研究开发计划重大项目(2023CKA359);中车科技创新(北京)有限公司研发项目(S07-KJ2023001)。

摘　　要：为实现货车车钩铸件智能化清理,文章从以机代人的角度出发,根据产品特点与加工需求提出机器人清理作业的解决思路,构建铸件清理专家系统。首先,搭建货车铸钢车钩自动化智能装备工作站,并对工装夹具进行仿真与试验验证;之后,通过更换末端执行器实现工作站对工件切割、打磨等铸造清理工作,运用机器人离线编程、柔性打磨、模糊PID控制、视觉识别与测量等核心技术实现清理作业。铸件清理专家系统具备效率高、质量好、环保等多方面的优势,具有很好的经济效益与社会效益。To realize intelligent fettling of coupler castings for railway freight cars,this paper proposes an idea of robot fettling operation according to the product characteristics and processing requirements from the perspective of replacing manual work with machines by way of establishing a fettling expert system.Firstly,an automated intelligent equipment workstation for the cast steel couplers are set up,and the simulation and test of the tooling and fixtures are carried out.Then,by replacing the end effector,the workstation can perform casting fettling work such as cutting and polishing of workpieces.Core technologies such as robot offline programming,flexible polishing,fuzzy PID control,visual recognition and measurement can be used to implement fettling operation.The casting fettling expert system characterized by high efficiency,quality,and environmental protection meets the requirements with good economic and social benefits.

关 键 词：货车车钩 铸造清理 柔性打磨 冒口切割 机器视觉 

分 类 号：U272[机械工程—车辆工程] TG250.7[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程] TP242.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]