多维度数据评价永昌肉羊肉质特征  

Evaluation of Meat Quality Characteristics in Yongchang Mutton Sheep by Multidimensional Data

作　　者：陈嘉磊 梁尚海 张雪莹 李发弟[1] 乐祥鹏[1] CHEN Jialei;LIANG Shanghai;ZHANG Xueying;LI Fadi;YUE Xiangpeng(Engineering Research Center of Grassland Agriculture,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Herbage improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Yongchang County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Yongchang 737200,China)

机构地区：[1]草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,草地农业教育部工程研究中心,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020 [2]永昌县畜牧兽医站,永昌737200

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2025年第1期19-27,共9页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：甘肃省特色优势农产品评价—永昌羊肉(TYNPY2020-04);国家肉羊产业技术体系(CARS-38)。

摘　　要：永昌肉羊是“甘味”农产品品牌,也是国家农产品地理标志。为解析永昌肉羊的肉质特性,本研究以15只永昌肉羊为研究对象,测定其肉品质及核心产区的40份土壤、20份水样、6种主要牧草(甘肃霸王、蒙古韭、碱蓬、红砂、盐爪爪属和黄毛)及3种补饲草料(青贮饲料、燕麦秸秆和玉米秸秆)的相关指标。结果表明:①永昌肉羊产地土壤呈弱碱性(pH值为8.74),有益矿物质含量丰富,钾、钙、铁和镁的含量分别为13602.90、1197.23、17874.90和1229.41 mg/kg。②饮水符合农用水源标准。③牧草品质优良,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分及粗纤维含量分别为17.02%、2.23%、24.63%和7.30%;补饲草料中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分和粗纤维的含量分别为6.63%、0.67%、7.83%和7.13%,且土壤、水、牧草和补饲草料中均无农药残留。④永昌肉羊肉的亮度(L^(*)_(45 min))、红度(a^(*)_(45 min))、黄度(b^(*)_(45 min))和pH_(45 min)值分别为35.41、17.21、3.99和6.00,失水率和剪切力分别为35.42%和67.86 N。⑤永昌肉羊的背最长肌肌纤维直径为26.94μm,肌纤维密度达111.47个/mm^(2),束膜厚度为13.05μm。⑥羊肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量分别达19.41%、1.91%和1.08%;钾含量高达3426.88 mg/100 g,钙、铁、锌、镁、锰和铜的含量分别为8.39、26.22、21.89、301.93、0.66和1.14 mg/100 g。⑦羊肉的总氨基酸(TAA)含量为17.94 g/100 g,必需氨基酸(EAA)与总氨基酸之比(EAA/TAA)和必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸(NEAA)之比(EAA/NEAA)分别为40.08%和66.51%。⑧羊肉中的单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量相对较高,分别达942.04 mg/100 g和127.46 mg/100 g。⑨在永昌肉羊背最长肌代谢物的检测中,氨基酸及其代谢物的丰度最高(20.33%),其次为脂肪酰类(18.18%),有机酸及其衍生物、糖类及其衍生物和激素及激素相关化合物丰度占比分别达12.40%、6.11%和1.32%。⑩肉中的特征风味物质主�Yongchang mutton sheep is a"Ganwei"agricultural product brand and is also a national geographical indication of agricultural products.In order to analyze comprehensively the meat quality characteristics of Yongchang mutton sheep,this study took 15 Yongchang mutton sheep as the research object,and measured the relevant indicators of their meat quality,40 soil samples,20 water samples,6 main forage grasses,and 3 supplementary forage grasses from the core production area.The results indicated as follows:①The soil in the production area of Yongchang mutton sheep was weakly alkaline with a pH of 8.74,and is rich in beneficial minerals,with potassium,calcium,iron,and magnesium contents at 13602.90,1197.23,17874.90,and 1229.41 mg/kg,respectively.②The drinking water met the standards for agricultural water sources.③The forage was of high quality,with crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,and crude fiber contents at 17.02%,2.23%,24.63%,and 7.30%,respectively;the supplementary feed contained crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,and crude fiber at levels of 6.63%,0.67%,7.83%,and 7.13%,respectively,and no pesticide residues were detected in the soil,water,forage,or supplementary feed.④The brightness(L^(*)_(45 min)),redness(a^(*)_(45 min)),yellowness(b^(*)_(45 min)),and pH_(45min)of meat in Yongchang mutton sheep were 35.41,17.21,3.99,and 6.00,respectively,with a water loss rate and shear force of 35.42%and 67.86 N,respectively.⑤The diameter of the muscle fiber in the longissimus dorsi of meat in Yongchang mutton sheep was 26.94μm,the muscle fiber density reached 111.47/mm^(2),and the thickness of the fascial membrane was 13.05μm.⑥The contents of crude protein,crude fat,and crude ash in the mutton were 19.41%,1.91%,and 1.08%,respectively;the potassium content was as high as 3426.88 mg/100 g,and the content of calcium,iron,zinc,magnesium,manganese,and copper was 8.39,26.22,21.89,301.93,0.66,and 1.14 mg/100 g,respectively.⑦The total amino acid(TAA)content of the meat was 17.94 g/100 g,the ratio of essential amino acids

关 键 词：永昌肉羊 肉品质 产地环境 氨基酸 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S826.92[农业科学—畜牧学]