奶牛蹄病主要致病因素及防治方法  

Main Pathogenic Factors and Prevention Methods of Dairy Cow Hoof Disease

作　　者：张英 刘义明[2] ZHANG Ying;LIU Yi-ming(School of Animal Science and Animal Medicine,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384;Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural,Key Laboratory of Bacterial Resistance Surveillance of Animal Origin,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Reference Laboratory for Drugs in Feed,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院动物科学与动物医学学院,天津300384 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所/农业农村部动物源细菌耐药性监测重点实验室/国家饲料中药物基准实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2025年第2期26-32,共7页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1800700);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-FRI-06)。

摘　　要：奶牛蹄病是影响奶牛场经济效益的关键因素,尽管其致死率不高,但会导致生产性能下降、奶牛福利受损和高昂的治疗成本。近年来,奶牛蹄病的发病率不断上升,仅次于乳房炎和生殖障碍,给奶牛场带来了巨大损失。该病的发病机理复杂,微生物感染是其主要原因,尤其是结瘤拟杆菌、坏死梭菌和密螺旋体等。然而,由于不同血清群间缺乏交叉免疫,预防蹄病变得困难。此外,遗传、环境、管理和营养等因素也共同影响蹄病发病率。由于缺乏足够的重视,蹄病在初期或轻度阶段往往难以被发现和治疗,导致经济损失加剧。因此,奶牛场应采取综合措施,包括加强蹄部护理、改善饲养环境、补充营养等,以提高奶牛抵抗力,降低蹄病发病率。对于临床蹄病的奶牛,应尽早发现并治疗,减少经济损失。The prevalence of hoof disease in dairy cows has become a significant constraint to the economic performance of dairy farms,despite its relatively low fatality rate.This condition not only impairs production efficiency and cow welfare but also incurs substantial treatment costs,often leading to the culling of severely affected animals.In recent years,the incidence of hoof disease has been escalating,causing considerable economic losses that are second only to those associated with mastitis and reproductive disorders.The etiology of hoof disease in dairy cows is intricate,with microbial infection playing a pivotal role.Pathogenic microorganisms such as nodular Bacillus,necrotic Clostridium,and spirochetes are key contributors to the development of hoof disease.However,the complexity of the disease is compounded by the existence of multiple serological groups of nodular Bacillus within the same herd,which lack cross-immunity,thus posing significant challenges in disease prevention.Furthermore,the interaction of genetic,environmental,managerial,and nutritional factors further complicates the pathogenesis of hoof disease.Unfortunately,due to insufficient attention from farm managers and staff,early detection and timely treatment of hoof disease remain elusive,often leading to disease progression and exacerbation of economic losses.To effectively mitigate the impact of hoof disease on dairy farms,a multifaceted approach is necessary.Firstly,enhancing hoof care practices,including regular hoof trimming and hoof baths,is essential to maintain hoof health and prevent disease onset.Secondly,improving the feeding environment and nutritional supplementation can bolster the cows’resistance to infection.Additionally,early identification and prompt treatment of clinical hoof disease cases are crucial to halt disease progression and minimize economic losses.In conclusion,the prevention and control of hoof disease in dairy cows require a comprehensive strategy that encompasses both microbial infection prevention and the enhanc

关 键 词：奶牛蹄病 致病因素 密螺旋体 防治方法 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]