新疆规模化养殖场奶牛酮病发病率调查与风险因素研究  

Investigation of Ketosis Incidence and Risk Factors in Dairy Cows at Large-scale Farms in Xinjiang

作　　者：柴梦琦 张丽燕 王天辰 范昊宇 蒋松[1] CHAI Meng-qi;ZHANG Li-yan;WANG Tian-chen;FAN Hao-yu;JIANG Song(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,石河子832000

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2025年第2期32-36,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区肉牛产业技术体系项目资助(XJARS-10);石河子大学科技特派员团队服务项目(KJTP202402)。

摘　　要：为了探讨新疆地区奶牛临床酮病与亚临床酮病的发病率并探索酮病的潜在风险因素,采用手持式血糖仪,对新疆某大型牧场集团的16个规模化养殖场、13768头产后奶牛进行血液采集,通过血液中β-羟丁酸水平进行诊断。评估的潜在风险因素包括奶牛的胎次、产后阶段和季节等。结果显示,新疆地区临床酮病平均发病率为5.1%,亚临床酮病发病率为11.5%,其中乌苏市和阿克苏地区发病率较高。使用统计学方法对不同胎次、产后天数、季节的产后奶牛进行分析,发现3~5胎奶牛面临更高的酮病风险(P<0.05),且随胎次增加患病概率上升,5胎奶牛患酮病风险高达18.35%。产后3~4周(P>0.05)是酮病发生高峰期,产后第3周奶牛酮病发病率最高,为23.57%。此外,季节因素也显示出对酮病有显著影响,其中,春季发病率最高,与其他月份相比具有极高的差异(P<0.01),而秋冬季则是酮病低发期(P<0.01)。结果说明,季节、产后天数和胎次是影响奶牛酮病发生的主要因素,牧场管理者应当依据这些发现调整防治措施,定期监测酮体水平,以降低酮病发生率,维护奶牛的健康与生产效能。In an investigation into the incidence of clinical and subclinical ketosis in dairy cows in Xinjiang,China,blood samples were collected from 13,768 postpartum cows across 16 large-scale farms using portable blood glucose meters to diagnose the condition based on β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA)levels.Potential risk factors such as parity,postpartum stage,and season were assessed.The study found that the average incidence rate for clinical ketosis was 5.1%,while subclinical ketosis was 11.5%.Notably,Wusu city and aksu Region had higher rates of occurrence.Statistical analysis revealed that third to fifth parity cows faced a significantly increased risk of ketosis(P<0.05),with a peak incidence of 23.57% occurring during the third week postpartum.Additionally,seasonal variations showed a significant impact,with spring having the lowest incidence compared to other months(P<0.01),whereas autumn exhibited the highest frequency(P<0.01).These findings suggest that parity and season are key factors influencing the occurrence of ketosis rather than the number of days postpartum.Managers of dairy farms should adjust their preventive strategies accordingly,regularly monitoring BHBA levels to reduce the prevalence of ketosis and ensure the health and productivity of their herds.

关 键 词：新疆牧场 奶牛 酮病 发病率 风险因素 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]