生成式人工智能使用对博士后学术职业前景感知的影响  

The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use on Perceived Postdoctor⁃al Academic Career Prospects

作　　者：李国彪 郑雅倩 LI Guobiao;ZHENG Yaqian

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2025年第2期77-88,I0005,I0006,共14页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：福建省社科基金特别委托项目“省高校优秀拔尖创新人才培养案例研究”(FJ2024WT001);福建省高等教育改革与研究重大项目“福建高校优秀拔尖创新人才培养案例研究”(FGTS202401)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能的兴起加剧了博士后学术职业前景的不确定性,其影响如何尚无定论。基于Nature2023年全球博士后调查发现:我国博士后学术职业前景感知较发达国家乐观;使用生成式人工智能并不会直接影响学术职业前景感知;使用生成式人工智能会通过降低自我效能感的完全中介路径以及进一步降低工作效率的链式中介路径,消极影响博士后学术职业前景感知。鉴于此,应理性审视生成式人工智能与学术职业前景的关系,从人力、财力、技术设施与管理支持等方面完善组织生成式人工智能准备,以科学规范博士后生成式人工智能使用;通过人工智能素养培训等方式提升元认知技能,为博士后应对人工智能时代学术职业发展面临的挑战提供良好的组织环境和成长空间。The rise of generative AI(GAI)has exacerbated the uncertainty about postdoctoral academic career prospects,and it is inconclusive how it will affect them.Based on the Nature 2023 Global Postdoctoral Survey,it is found that China’s postdoctoral academic career prospects are perceived more optimistically than those of developed countries,and that the use of GAI does not directly affect the perception of academic career pros⁃pects,but negatively affects postdoctoral academic career prospects through a fully mediated path that reduces self-efficacy,as well as a chained-mediated path that further reduces work efficiency.In view of this,it is im⁃portant to rationally examine the relationship between GAI and academic career prospects,improve the organiza⁃tional GAI readiness in terms of human resources,financial resources,technological infrastructure and manage⁃rial support in order to scientifically regulate the use of generative AI by postdoctoral fellows,and enhance meta⁃cognitive skills through AI literacy training and other means to provide a good organizational environment and growth space for postdocs to cope with the challenges facing academic career development in the AI era.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 博士后 学术职业 职业前景感知 博士后心理健康 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]