3~12岁儿童甲型流感病毒感染暴发的流行病学特点分析  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of influenza A virus infection outbreaks in children aged 3-12 years

作　　者：赵莹 魏真真 司维婧 ZHAO Ying;WEI Zhenzhen;SI Weijing(Department of Pediatrics,Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospit al,Shandong Province,Zibo 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省淄博市妇幼保健院儿科,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《妇儿健康导刊》2025年第4期60-63,共4页JOURNAL OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN'S HEALTH GUIDE

摘　　要：目的分析3~12岁儿童甲型流感(甲流)病毒感染暴发的流行病学特点。方法选取2022年7月至2023年12月淄博市妇幼保健院110例甲流病毒感染患儿为研究对象,分析其临床资料。结果纳入的110例患儿中,男60例(54.55%),女50例(45.45%);3~6岁患儿75例(68.18%),流行时间主要为12月至次年2月[104(94.55%)]。发热94例(85.45%),咳嗽82例(74.55%),纳差60例(54.55%);并发症主要为肺炎(26.36%)、脑炎(13.64%)、心肌损伤(8.18%);89例(80.91%)患儿的白细胞计数为(4.0~10.0)×109/L,52例(47.27%)患儿的中性粒细胞百分比为50.0%~70.0%,64例(58.18%)患儿的淋巴细胞百分比为20.0%~40.0%,60例(54.55%)患儿的单核细胞百分比>10.0%,90例(81.82%)患儿的淋巴细胞绝对值为(0.8~4.0)×109/L,63例(57.27%)患儿的C反应蛋白≥5.0 mg/L。影像学检查结果显示,病变累及单侧肺部24例(21.82%),双侧肺部86例(78.18%);两肺纹理增多36例(32.73%),磨玻璃状改变16例(14.55%),弥漫性磨玻璃和片状实变36例(32.73%)。结论甲流病毒感染多发于春季和冬季,3~6岁儿童高发,患儿以发热、咳嗽为主要表现。患儿白细胞计数及中性粒细胞百分比多正常或升高,淋巴细胞百分比可降低,肺部影像学可见多种异常。此外,甲流病毒感染可诱发重症肺炎、脑炎及心肌损伤并发症。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A virus infection outbreaks in children aged 3-12 years.Methods From July 2022 to December 2023 in Zibo Maternal and Child Health Hospital,110 children with influenza A virus infection were selected as the study objects,and their clinical data were analyzed.Results Among the 110 children included,60 cases were boys(54.55%)and 50 cases were girls(45.45%).There were 75 cases(68.18%)aged 3 to 6 years,and the epidemic time was mainly from December to February of the following year[104(94.55%)].There were 94 cases with fever(85.45%),82 cases with cough(74.55%)and 60 cases with tolerance(54.55%).The main complications were pneumonia(26.36%),encephalitis(13.64%)and myocardial injury(8.18%).The white blood cell count of 89 cases(80.91%)ranged from 4.0×109/L to 10.0×109/L,the neutrophil percentage of 52 cases(47.27%)ranged from 50.0%to 70.0%,and the lymphocyte percentage of 64 cases(58.18%)ranged from 20.0%to 40.0%.The monocyte percentage of 60 cases(54.55%)was>10.0%,the lymphocyte absolute value of 90 cases(81.82%)was 0.8×109/L-4.0×109/L,and the C-reactive protein of 63 cases(57.27%)was≥5.0 mg/L.The imaging results showed that 24 cases(21.82%)involved unilateral lung and 86 cases(78.18%)involved bilateral lung.There were 36 cases(32.73%)of increased lung texture,16 cases(14.55%)of ground glass change,and 36 cases(32.73%)of diffuse ground glass and patchy consolidation in both lungs.Conclusion Influenza A virus infection occurs mostly in spring and winter,and is most common in children aged 3 to 6 years.The main manifestations of these children are fever and cough.The white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage of children are normal or increased,and the lymphocyte percentage can be reduced,and a variety of abnormalities can be seen on lung imaging.In addition,influenza A virus infection can cause severe pneumonia,encephalitis and myocardial injury complications.

关 键 词：儿童 甲型流感 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]