高速电主轴阻尼减振性能试验研究  

Experimental research on damping and vibration reduction performance of high-speed electric spindle

作　　者：唐长亮 陈浩岩 徐恒磊 木孟良 TANG Changliang;CHEN Haoyan;XU Henglei;MU Mengliang(Beijing Information Science and Technology University,Key Laboratory of Modern Measurement&Control Technology,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100192,China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学现代测控技术教育部重点实验室,北京100192

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报(自然科学)》2025年第2期187-194,共8页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology:Natural Science

基　　金：北京市教委科技计划面上项目(KM201911232007);粒子运输与富集技术全国重点实验室开放基金(WZKF-2024-4)。

摘　　要：研究旨在探究不同阻尼器支承对高速电主轴减振性能的影响及其对系统动力学特性的作用。设计并构建了O型圈和金属橡胶阻尼器,搭建了阻尼支承特性参数测量试验台,进行了关键参数的测量。通过数值计算,利用拉格朗日法对高速电机系统的模态频率和振型进行了分析,系统在0~2500 Hz频率范围内存在2个临界转速。基于理论模型,搭建了相应的试验台,进行了低速与高速运行试验。试验结果表明,丁腈橡胶阻尼器减振性能最佳,金属橡胶和硅胶阻尼器的性能次之,而氟橡胶阻尼器的减振性能较差。此外,试验结果验证了理论计算的准确性,证实了理论临界转速的预测与试验观测相吻合。We aim to investigate the effects of different damper supports on the vibration damping performance of a high-speed electric spindle and their role in the dynamic characteristics of the system.First,the O-ring and metal-rubber dampers are designed and built while a damping support characteristic parameter measurement test bench is built to measure the key parameters.Through numerical calculations,the modal frequencies and modal vibration shapes of the high-speed motor system are analyzed by using the Lagrangian method.The system has two critical speeds in the frequency range of 0 to 2500 Hz.Based on the theoretical model,the corresponding experimental bench is built and low-and high-speed operation experiments are conducted.Our results show the nitrile rubber damper delivers the best performance in vibration damping,the metal rubber and silicone damper have the second best performance,and the fluorine rubber damper has relatively poor vibration damping performance.Moreover,the accuracy of the theoretical calculations is verified.It is also confirmed that the predictions of the theoretical critical speed coincide with the experimental observations.

关 键 词：电机转子 振动特性 阻尼减振 幅频特性 

分 类 号：TH132.425[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]