高原高寒区露天矿不同不耦合介质装药爆破效应试验研究  

Experimental Study on Open-pit Blast Effects with Various Decoupled Charge Mediums in High and Cold Regions

作　　者：费鸿禄 荆广杰 甄帅 贾宏宇 FEI Hong-lu;JING Guang-jie;ZHEN Shuai;JIA Hong-yu(Institute of Blasting Technology Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Fuxin City Natural Resources Service Centre,Fuxin 123000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学爆破技术研究院,阜新123000 [2]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819 [3]阜新市自然资源事务服务中心,阜新123000

出　　处：《爆破》2025年第1期26-36,共11页Blasting

摘　　要：高原高寒区露天矿钻爆开采时,常会出现炮孔内部涌水或冰冻现象,该现象会导致炮孔内装药结构变为水、冰介质不耦合装药,药包在不同不耦合介质条件下爆破效果及爆炸破岩机理会发生改变,为此开展了高原高寒区露天矿不同不耦合介质装药爆破效应的试验研究。论文以西藏甲玛露天矿为工程依托,开展了高原高寒区爆破漏斗试验,测定了爆破漏斗的几何参数,分析了高原高寒区3种不耦合介质装药条件下的爆破效果。采用利文斯顿曲线对测试参数进行拟合,根据拟合结果优化了爆破参数,并应用于现场工程爆破。研究结果表明:在爆破漏斗试验中,当埋深1.09~1.49 m时,漏斗可见体积与破碎体积差异大,埋深1.49~1.69 m时,漏斗可见体积与破碎体积几乎不变;相对于空气不耦合装药爆破,水、冰介质不耦合装药爆破振动速度峰值分别降低了25.33%和11.24%;3种不耦合介质下,药包埋置临界深度各不相同,其中水介质的临界深度最深,冰介质的临界深度次之,空气介质的临界深度最浅,且水、冰介质不耦合装药相对于空气不耦合装药,装药量降低18.9%;在现场群孔台阶爆破中,水、冰介质不耦合装药相对于空气不耦合装药单耗减少18.2%,大块率由8.9%降低到4.3%,且水、冰不耦合介质,使炸药能量分布更加均匀。During drilling and blasting of open-pit mining in high and cold regions,water inrush or freezing often occurs on the borehole inside.This phenomenon creates a decoupled charge structure with water and ice,affecting the blasting effect and the rock-breaking mechanism under decoupled conditions.To determine the geometric parameters of the blasting crater and analyze the blasting effect under three types of decoupling medium in the high-cold area,a series of tests were conducted on the blasting effects of different decoupling charges in the Karma open-pit mining in Tibet.Based on the Livingston curve fitting results,the blasting parameters were optimized and applied to on-site engineering blasting.The results indicated significant differences between the visible volumes of the blasting crater and the crushed funnel at burial depths of 1.09~1.49 m.However,these volumes resembled burial depths of 1.49~1.69 m.Compared to the air-deck decoupling,the peak particle velocities under water and ice decoupling were reduced by 25.33%and 11.24%,respectively.The critical charge depths varied among the three decoupling materials,with water decoupling having the most significant critical depth,ice decoupling charge,and air-deck decoupling having the shallowest.The charge weights required for water and ice decoupling and ice decoupling were 18.9%less than those for air-deck decoupling.In multi-hole bench blasting,the explosive factor for water and ice decoupling was reduced by 18.2%compared to air-deck decoupling,and the rate of large fragments decreased from 8.9%to 4.3%.This indicated that water and ice decoupling charges made the energy distribution of explosives more uniform.

关 键 词：高原高寒区 爆破漏斗 能量利用 爆破振动 不耦合装药 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]