基于爆破振动与松动圈分析的水封洞库爆破方案比选  

Blasting Scheme Optimization of Water-sealed Cavern Excavation based on Blasting Vibration and Loose Zone Analysis

作　　者：叶海旺[1,2,3] 张鹏辉 蒙云琪 张兆龙 傅家亮 白金鑫 刘磊 余梦豪 Doumbouya Sekou YE Hai-wang;ZHANG Peng-hui;MENG Yun-qi;ZHANG Zhao-long;FU Jia-liang;BAI Jin-xin;LIU Lei;YU Meng-hao;Doumbouya Sekou(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Key Non-metallic Mineral Resources Green Utilization,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;c.Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;China Railway Siyuan Group Engineering Operation and Maintenance Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430063,China;Chuzhou Xingtian Mining Co.,Ltd.,Chuzhou 239399,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学关键非金属矿产资源绿色利用教育部重点实验室,武汉430070 [3]武汉理工大学矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室,武汉430070 [4]中铁四院集团工程运维有限责任公司,武汉430063 [5]滁州市兴天矿业有限公司,滁州239399

出　　处：《爆破》2025年第1期44-55,共12页Blasting

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1909602);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2021BCA152)。

摘　　要：合理的爆破施工方式是保证水封洞库稳定性和水封性的关键,在某水封洞库进行爆破地震波检测、声波探测,并结合HHT信号分析方法,通过EMD、EEMD分解方法对比、识别并弱化信号模态混叠效应以提高信号分析准确性,最后利用边际谱、瞬时能量谱、三维能量谱、围岩松动圈等评价不同爆破方案对水封洞库开挖爆破的影响。结果表明:EEMD-Hilbert分析方法可以一定程度上改善传统EMD分解带来的模态混叠问题,通过EEMD分解重构后的振速时程曲线更加平滑、可靠性更高;通过信号重构后的边际谱分析,发现双侧壁导坑法频带分布在200~380 Hz范围,单侧壁导坑法的频段范围更窄,集中在110~250 Hz之间,两组方案的低频能量均占比较少;双侧壁导坑法瞬时能量合值高于单侧壁导坑法,两组方案瞬时能量均主要集中在首段掏槽孔上,分别占总瞬时能量的41.67%和23.73%,单侧壁导坑法瞬时能量分布更为平均且较双侧壁导坑法更低;通过声波探测分析:双侧壁导坑法两侧拱腰松动圈范围约1.0~1.2 m,单侧壁导坑法扩挖面、导洞面松动圈范围分别为0.8 m、1.0~1.2 m。通过EEMD-Hilbert与声波探测联合分析可知,单侧壁导坑法相对更适合该洞库爆破施工。A reasonable blasting construction method is critical to maintaining caverns′stability and water-sealing integrity.In this study,seismic wave detection and acoustic wave detection were conducted within a water-sealed cavern.The HHT signal analysis method was used to process the seismic wave signals generated by blasting,and both Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD)and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD)were applied to compare and reduce signal mode aliasing,improving the accuracy of signal analysis.The marginal spectrum,instantaneous energy spectrum,three-dimensional energy spectrum,and loose zones in surrounding rock were used to evaluate the influence of different blasting schemes on the water-sealed caverns.The results show that the EEMD-Hilbert analysis method effectively mitigates mode aliasing issues caused by traditional EMD decomposition,producing a smoother and more reliable vibration velocity time-history curve.Marginal spectrum analysis of the reconstructed signal reveals that the frequency band of the double-sided wall heading method ranges from 200 to 380 Hz.In contrast,the frequency band of the single-sided wall guide pit method is narrower,concentrated between 110 and 250 Hz,with relatively lower frequency energy in both conditions.The combined instantaneous energy of the double-sided wall guide method is higher than that of the single-sided wall guide method,with 41.67%and 23.73%of the total instantaneous energy concentrated in the first section of the cutting hole for each method,respectively.The instantaneous energy distribution of the single-sided wall guide method is more uniform and lower than that of the double-sided.The range of loosening rings on both sides of the arch waist in the double-sided wall heading method is about 1.0 to 1.2 m.In contrast,the single-sided wall guide pit method measured 0.8 meters and 1.0 to 1.2 meters on the expanding excavation surface and guide tunnel surface,respectively.A joint analysis of the EEMD Hilbert method and acoustic detection indicates that th

关 键 词：水封洞库 爆破方案 EEMD-HHT 时频能量 松动圈 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]