混装乳化炸药间隔装药技术在某露天矿山现场应用研究  

Field Application of Mixed Emulsion Explosives with Decked Charge Technology in an Open-pit Mine

作　　者：张建华[1] 李佳乐 张肯 赵强 黄刚[1] 刘犇 姜苏宸 梁伟韬 赵亮 MUNYARADZI N M ZHANG Jian-hua;LI Jia-le;ZHANG Ken;ZHAO Qiang;HUANG Gang;LIU Ben;JIANG Su-chen;LIANG Wei-tao;ZHAO Liang;MUNYARADZI N M(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Anhui Jiangnan Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China;North Blasting Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100097,China;Huaxin Cement(Chenzhou)Co.,Ltd.,Chenzhou 423022,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070 [2]安徽江南化工股份有限公司,合肥230031 [3]北方爆破科技有限公司,北京100097 [4]华新水泥(郴州)有限公司,郴州423022

出　　处：《爆破》2025年第1期63-70,96,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271296)。

摘　　要：为了研究间隔装药结构对炸药能量的传递和爆破效果的影响,提高炸药能量利用率,增强爆破效果,基于郴州某石灰石矿山爆破工程实践,采用LS-dyna数值模拟、现场优化实验相结合的方法,研究台阶爆破过程中不同装药结构的岩石应力变化规律。分别设置连续装药,0.6 m、1.0 m、1.5 m间隔长度的四种装药结构进行模拟实验,并监测其有效应力,基于新式可传爆间隔器开展现场装药结构优化试验,分析优化后爆堆整体效果。研究结果表明:当间隔长度为1.0 m时,岩石应力损伤范围与各测点的平均最大有效应力达到峰值,整体岩石破碎更为有利。现场实验采用间隔装药后,炸药单位消耗量由0.199 kg/t降低至0.179 kg/t,粉矿率降低6.54%,大块率降低3.7%,爆堆平均块度上升5 cm,改善了混装乳化炸药使用过程中存在的能量浪费,爆堆块度尺寸不均的问题,提升了矿山的经济效益。To investigate the effects of decked charge structure on the energy transfer and blasting outcomes,a study was conducted to improve the energy utilization rate of explosives and enhance the blasting impact based on the blasting operations of a limestone mine in Chenzhou.Combining LS-DYNA numerical simulations with on-site optimization experiments,this research examined the rock stress distribution across different charge structures during bench blasting.Simulations were performed on four charge structures:continuous charge,0.6 m deck,1.0 m deck,and 1.5 m deck,with effective stress monitored at key points.Field optimization experiments were then conducted using a novel transmissible explosive deck to analyze the overall blasting performance of the blast pile.The research results indicate that the rock damage extent and average maximum effective stress reach peak values at a 1.0 m deck length,resulting in favorable fragmentation.In field tests,the decked charge reduced the powder factor from 0.199 kg/t to 0.179 kg/t,lowered the fine ore rate by 6.54%,reduced the oversize rate by 3.7%,and increased the average block size by 5 cm.This approach minimized energy wastage and resolved uneven fragmentation issues with mixed emulsion explosives,enhancing the mine′s economic efficiency.

关 键 词：混装乳化炸药 空气间隔 数值模拟 大块率 粉矿率 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]