海域盾构隧道孤石和基岩凸起段的精细化爆破预处理方法研究  

A Refined Blasting Pretreatment Method for Boulders and Bedrock Traversed by Shield Tunnels in Sea Area

作　　者：魏海霞[1] 崔有权 陈建福[2] 杨小林 褚怀保[1] 祝杰[1] 陈士海[3] WEI Hai-xia;CUI You-quan;CHEN Jian-fu;YANG xiao-lin;CHU Huai-bao;ZHU Jie;CHEN Shi-hai(School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454003,China;China Railway 14th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250000,China;College of Civil Engineering,Huaqiao University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学土木工程学院,焦作454003 [2]中铁十四局集团有限公司,济南250000 [3]华侨大学土木工程学院,厦门361021

出　　处：《爆破》2025年第1期81-88,158,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFC2907200)。

摘　　要：海域盾构施工中常遇到大粒径孤石和基岩凸起段,通常采用爆破法进行预处理,爆破预处理的效果是盾构机顺利通过的关键。依托厦门轨道交通2号线工程,综合考虑海域孤石和基岩凸起段的覆盖层条件、爆破块度控制指标及海洋生物安全控制标准,提出了一种盾构隧道孤石和基岩凸起段的精细化爆破预处理方法。具体步骤包括:爆破孔网参数设计;炸药单耗、单孔装药量、平均块度尺寸的计算;装药结构及爆破网路设计;爆破块度分布效果预测;考虑生态环境影响进一步优化爆破方案。现场应用结果表明:爆破预处理后的块度在30 cm以内,满足盾构机推进的块度尺寸要求;盾构机在爆破预处理段能够顺利掘进,与正常段推进参数基本相近。实现了海域盾构隧道孤石和基岩凸起段的精细化、生态化、高效化和安全化爆破施工。In constructing shield tunnels in a sea area,large-sized boulders and bedrock are often encountered,necessitating pretreatment via blasting.The effectiveness of blasting pretreatment is crucial for the regular excavation of shield machines.Based on Xiamen Metro Line 2 project,a refined blasting pretreatment method for boulders and bedrock in shield tunnels under the sea area is proposed.The method comprehensively considers overburden conditions,blasting fragmentation indexes,and marine biological safety standards.Specific steps include designing blasting parameters,calculating powder factor,determining single-hole charges and average block size,designing charge structures and initiation networks,predicting the distribution of blasting fragments,and optimizing the blasting program to minimize ecological impact.Field application results indicate that post-blasting fragment sizes are within 30 cm,meeting the size requirements for the shield machine.The shield machine could excavate smoothly through the blasting pretreatment section,with excavation parameters similar to those in regular sections.The proposed method achieved a refined,ecological,efficient and safe blasting construction in the sea section containing boulders and bedrock.

关 键 词：海域盾构 孤石 基岩凸起段 爆破预处理 块度 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]