高压空气爆破作用下煤体裂纹扩展及振动特性模拟试验研究  

Experimental Study on Crack Propagation and Vibration Characteristics of Coal under High-pressure Air Blasting

作　　者：严少洋 高富强 杨小林 褚怀保[2] 王昌 叶红宇 YAN Shao-yang;GAO Fu-qiang;YANG Xiao-lin;CHU Huai-bao;WANG Chang;YE Hong-yu(College of Civil Engineering,Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471023,China;School of Civil Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;School of Resources and Civil Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳理工学院土木工程学院,洛阳471023 [2]河南理工大学土木工程学院,焦作454000 [3]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110819

出　　处：《爆破》2025年第1期142-150,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(高压气体冲击作用下含瓦斯煤体的裂纹扩展及扰动规律研究-51874123);河南省自然科学基金面上项目(深部环境下岩石的冲击力学特性及破坏机制研究-242300421255)。

摘　　要：为了探讨高压气体爆破对煤体裂纹扩展和振动特性的影响,采用模拟煤体基于自主研发的高压空气爆破装置开展气体爆破试验,试验过程中利用爆破速度采集仪和爆破振动采集仪分别对表面裂纹扩展速度及质点振动进行测试,分析高压空气爆破作用诱发的裂纹扩展发育过程及质点振动能量变化特性。运用扫描电镜(SEM)分析气爆前后试件孔裂隙演化规律。试验结果表明:在高压空气爆破设计压力为15 MPa的条件下,诱导试件表面裂纹沿围压加载方向发育扩展,裂纹发育扩展速度有v_(双向不等压)>v_(无围压)>v_(双向等压);不同围压条件下裂纹随距致裂孔距离的增加呈快速发育和稳态发育两个阶段发育扩展;诱发质点振动信号分布在0~250 Hz的范围内,振动信号中主频带的能量较其他子频带的能量有明显的区别,振动主频带信号在0~31.25 Hz低频带较为集中。研究成果以期为优化高压气体爆破致裂孔分布和提高瓦斯抽采效果提供理论依据和指导。This study explored the influence of high-pressure gas blasting on coal′s crack propagation and vibration characteristics.Using independently developed high-pressure air blasting devices,the high-pressure air blasting experiments were carried out on the simulated coal specimens.The surface crack propagation speed and particle vibration of the specimen were measured using a blasting speed acquisition instrument and a blasting vibration acquisition instrument,respectively.Furthermore,the crack propagation and fracture induced by high-pressure air blasting and the variation characteristics of particle vibration energy were analyzed.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to examine the evolution of pore cracks in specimens before and after blasting.The experimental results indicate that the surface cracks on the specimen are induced to develop and propagate along the direction of confining pressure loading at a design pressure of 15 MPa,and the crack development and propagation speed is v_(Bi-directional unequal pressure)>v_(no confining pressure)>v_(Bi-directional equal pressure).Besides,The crack development and propagation speed vary under different confining pressure conditions,exhibiting two stages:rapid development and steady-state development as the distance from the crack initiation hole increases.The induced particle vibration signal is distributed in the range of 0~250 Hz,with the energy in the main frequency band of the vibration signal significantly different from that in other sub-bands and the vibration main frequency band significantly differing from other sub-bands.The primary vibration signal is concentrated in the low-frequency band of 0~31.25 Hz.These findings provide a theoretical basis and guidance for optimizing the distribution of fractures induced by high-pressure gas blasting and improving the effectiveness of gas extraction.

关 键 词：高压空气爆破 煤体 裂纹扩展 振动信号 振动能量 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]