矿山爆破邻近框剪结构振动响应及安全性控制  

Vibration Response and Safety Control of Frame-shear Structure Adjacent to Mine Blasting

作　　者：杨玉民 赵茉溪 周传波[1] 张升 贺广龙 郝润华 张玉琦 YANG Yu-min;ZHAO Mo-xi;ZHOU Chuan-bo;ZHANG Sheng;HE Guang-long;HAO Run-hua;ZHANG Yu-qi(Faculty of Engineering,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Inner Mongolia Shengli Zhongwei Blast Co.,Ltd.,Ordos 010300,China;Ordos Public Security Bureau Public Security Management Detachment Dangerous Management Brigade,Ordos 017001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,武汉430074 [2]内蒙古生力中伟爆破有限责任公司,鄂尔多斯010300 [3]鄂尔多斯市公安局治安管理支队危管大队,鄂尔多斯017001

出　　处：《爆破》2025年第1期166-174,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41972286)。

摘　　要：爆破振动对周边建(构)筑的影响一直受到广泛关注。以长滩露天煤矿深孔台阶爆破工程为背景,综合分析邻近11层框剪结构办公楼特点,经过多次爆破振动测试,分析了不同方向下振动速度及主频的分布特征,结合单因素分析得到高程差对不同方向振动速度的显著程度,最后基于量纲分析法研究并提出了多因素影响下的振速预测模型,并应用于爆破安全药量控制设计。主要结论如下:随着楼层的升高,主振方向由水平径向(X)变为水平切向(Y),最后变为垂向(Z);多数工况X轴与Y轴振速分别不大于0.17、0.213 cm/s,高程影响较小;Z轴振速集中在0.05~0.41 cm/s,高程放大效应在7~11层表现显著;对于三轴振动速度,最大单段药量、总药量及水平距离均具有显著性,高程差对X轴振速不具有显著性,对Y轴及Z轴具有显著性。振动主频集中在3~12 Hz,部分达到了16~30 Hz。基于办公楼振速预测模型,结合爆破安全规程及最危险工况下的爆破参数,拉底爆破总药量应控制在10267 kg之内,深孔台阶爆破总药量应控制在8268~8883 kg之间。The impact of blasting vibration on surrounding buildings has been widely concerned.Based on the deep hole bench blasting project of Changtan Open-pit Coal Mine,the characteristics of the adjacent 11-story frame-shear structure office building are comprehensively analyzed.After several blasting vibration tests,the distribution characteristics of vibration velocity and main frequency in different directions were analyzed.The significance of elevation difference on vibration velocity in various directions was obtained through single-factor analysis.Finally,based on the dimensional analysis method,a vibration velocity prediction model under the influence of multiple factors was studied,proposed,and applied to the blasting safety charge design.The main conclusions are as follows:with the increase of floors,the primary vibration direction changes from horizontal radial(X)to horizontal tangential(Y),and finally to vertical(Z).In most working conditions,the PPV x and PPV y are not more than 0.17 cm/s and 0.213 cm/s,respectively,and the elevation has little influence.The PPV z is concentrated in 0.05~0.41 cm/s,and the elevation amplification effect is significant in 7~11 layers.The maximum charge per delay,total charge amount,and horizontal distance are substantial for the three-axis PPV s.The elevation difference is not significant for the PPV x but significant for the PPV y and PPV z.The main vibration frequency is concentrated in 3~12 Hz,and some reach 16~30 Hz.Based on the vibration prediction model for the office building,combined with the blasting safety regulations and the blasting parameters under the most dangerous working conditions,the total charge of the bottom blasting should be within 10267 kg,and the total charge of the deep hole bench blasting should be between 8268~8883 kg.

关 键 词：框剪结构 现场监测 振动响应 高程效应 安全性评价 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]