秦汉医学的方术化改造  

The medical transformation by'Fang-Shu'in the Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：王晟兴 刘阳[1] Wang Shengxing;Liu Yang(Institute of History of Chinese Medicine and Medical Literature,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2024年第6期323-326,共4页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所科研基本业务费自主选题(ZZ170514)。

摘　　要：春秋战国时期,方术理论打破了早期巫术系统的垄断地位,并依托社会上层的喜好被统治者所接受而得以推广。秦汉时期,方术理论逐步发展成为认知宇宙、自然、社会一切现象的主流理论,进而影响了几乎所有领域学术理论的构建。对于医学也是如此,当时医学辨治体系发展到一定程度,迫切需要新的系统理论支撑。方术的一些理论由此为中医学所吸收和改造,其相关内容可见于人体生理、药物理论、病因病机和疾病治疗等多个方面。从文献记载来看,这一过程最早于春秋时期见其端倪,战国、秦、西汉时期迅速发展,东汉时期基本定型。The term'Fang-Shu'(Calculation and Arts)broke the monopoly of early witchcraft in the Spring-Autumn Warring Period(AD770-AD221)and was widely spread by the regime.It was developed into a theory to understand universe,nature and social phenomena in the Qin and Han Dynasty.It,then,gradually influenced theoretical construction in almost all fields,including medicine.It was found that'Fang-Shu'altered medicine in terms of the human body,cognition of diseases,drugs,etiology and pathogenesis.This was seen in the materials in the Spring-Autumn Warring Period,based on the newly unearthed documents such as Tianhuai Medical Bamboo Slips and Wan Wu,the Han Dynasty Bamboo Slips in Fuyang,and the medicine classics like the Inner Canon(Nei Jing)and the Divine Husbandman's Classic of Materia Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao).'Fang-Shu'theory continued to develop until the East Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：方术 秦汉医学 阴阳五行 辨治思维 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学] R2-09[历史地理—中国史]