宋代医家对“三虚致疫”理论的传承发展  

The development of the theory of"San Xu Zhi Yi"in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：李董男[1] 马利潮 陈曦[2] Li Dongnan;Ma Lichao;Chen Xi(College of traditional chinese medicine,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Science,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学中医学院,合肥230012 [2]中国中医科学院中医基础理论研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2024年第6期336-343,共8页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A00102);国家973计划项目(2013CB532000)。

摘　　要：宋代医家在继承《素问遗篇》《伤寒例》等基础上,发展了“天、人、邪”三虚致疫理论,并提出相应的预防与治疗思路。韩祗和、庞安时、朱肱、郭雍、陈言等关注疫病发病的时空因素,系统探讨了天时、地理等对疫病发生和流行的影响,阐明疫病的季节性规律,指出致疫之“邪”主要包括寒邪、异气、温气等,预防疫病需正气存内、避其毒气。在诊治疫病时,宋代医家强调辨别寒温,根据天时、地域、病势等加减,重视清热解毒,重用石膏、大青叶等,存津液、护胃气,注重饮食、起居调摄。宋代医家防治疫病的理法,对后世温疫学派、温热学派、伏气学派等产生了重要影响。The theory"San Xu Zhi Yi"means epidemic diseases are mainly caused by changes in nature,deficiency of human energy and etiology(irregular sources of diseases).It was developed by some physicians in the Song Dynasty on the basis of Su Wen Yi Pian and Shang Han Li,with its relevant prevention and treatment.It was systematically discussed by some physicians,such as Han Zhihe,Pang Anshi,Zhu Gong,Guo Yong and Chen Wuze,in terms of spatio-temporal factors,the effects from weather,geography,human constitution and the seasonal principle of epidemic diseases towards its occurrence and prevalence.It was believed that the irregular sources of diseases(Xie)involve coldness and abnormal Qi.It was also believed that diagnoses needed to pay sufficient attention to environment,season,region,and the development of the diseases.Its prescription should involve gypsum and folium for clearing away heat and toxic materials,protecting the stomach,and adjusting diet and lifestyle.This theory and method of dealing with epidemic diseases in the Song Dynasty had great influence on the school of epidemic febrile disease,the school of warm-heat and the school of latent qi.

关 键 词：宋代 疫病 病因 病机 治法 

分 类 号：S85[农业科学—兽医学]