“雪糕”文献考证  

Examining Xue Gao(Ice-cream)in One Hundred Questions for Pediatrics

作　　者：曾妮 施庆武 吴承艳[1] 王梓禾 Zeng Ni;Shi Qingwu;Wu Chengyan;Wang Zihe(Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中医药文献研究院,南京210023

出　　处：《中华医史杂志》2024年第6期344-350,共7页Chinese Journal of Medical History

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX24_0839);国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项(20VJXG032)。

摘　　要：《婴童百问》消乳丸是儿科常用的经典名方之一,用于治疗小儿乳食不化。消乳丸用法为“泡雪糕丸如黍米大”,其中“雪糕”一物尚不明晰。经文献考证,“雪糕”为宋代常见糕类食品,应是糯米和粳米打粉加水调和后蒸熟所成,颜色雪白,质轻。中医常以“雪糕”制丸,又将其称为“白糕”“雪膏”。因“汤泡雪糕丸”用法与“汤泡蒸饼丸”类似,均是制为成品,以汤泡开后糊丸,故推断制丸之“雪糕”是经风干后的陈年米糕。以“雪糕”制丸,具有以下特点:其一,“雪糕”具有一定黏性,可作为赋形剂;其二,“雪糕”由糯米和粳米所制,具有补中益气之功;其三,“雪糕”经风干燥后,更易于保存;其四,“雪糕”与药性峻猛之品合用,可以调和药性,减轻不良反应和对胃肠的刺激。The pills for infantile indigestion(Xiao Ru Wan)in One Hundred Questions for Pediatrics(Ying Tong Bai Wen)is one of the commonly used classic formulas in pediatrics for infantile indigestion.It was described"like ice-cream(Xue Gao)as small as a millet after it was soaked to feed infants".Xue Gao(Ice-cream)here was unclear in terms of meaning and usage.Based on the literature and archives,Xue Gao(Ice-cream)was a common cake made of steamed glutinous rice powder and rice flour in the Song Dynasty.It looked like snow in light weight.It was often processed as drugs in traditional Chinese medicine,named as White Cake or Snow Cake(Xue Gao).Additionally,the usage of'millet soaked to feed infants'was similar with the usage of'steamed cake made of flour'.They were processed as pills and were soaked to feed infants.In this sense,it was inferred that Xue Gao was air-dried steamed millet for some years.Xue Gao,processed as pills,had the following features.It was often taken as excipient in drugs because it was made of sticky rice.Additionally,it had the effect of tonifying middle-Jiao and Qi(invigorating spleen-stomach and replenishing Qi)for its ingredients-sticky rice and polished round-grained rice.Moreover,Xue Gao was easy to reserve after it was air-dried.More importantly,it can help soften untoward effect of other drugs and minimise gastrointestinal irritation when it was used with other medicine.

关 键 词：《婴童百问》 消乳丸 雪糕 文献考证 

分 类 号：R289.5[医药卫生—方剂学]