森林结构对鸟类物种多样性的影响研究进展  

Review of the impact of forest ecosystem structure on avian species diversity

作　　者：李雪艳 吴建平 张超群 闫文婷 廖紫吟 苏泳娴 LI Xueyan;WU Jianping;ZHANG Chaoqun;YAN Wenting;LIAO Ziyin;SU Yongxian(Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System,Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application,Guangzhou Institute of Geography,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510070,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai 519082,China;Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省科学院广州地理研究所广东省遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室//广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室,广州510070 [2]中山大学大气科学学院,珠海519082 [3]中国科学院大学广州地球化学研究所,广州510640 [4]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1519-1538,共20页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(42401131,42101239);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2023A1515011996);广东省科学院打造综合产业技术创新中心行动资金项目(2022GDASZH⁃2022010105)。

摘　　要：森林生态系统作为最重要的鸟类栖息地,其内部结构不仅是决定鸟类多样性组成和分布的关键因素,还在维持和提升森林生态系统功能方面发挥着重要作用。随着近年来全球范围内不同程度的森林退化和恢复、毁林和造林事件的持续发生,森林结构发生了显著而复杂的变化。鸟类多样性如何响应森林结构及其变化成为森林生态学和生物多样性保护领域研究的热点问题。梳理了常见森林水平和垂直结构特征,并对其含义和影响进行了总结。进而对不同尺度上森林结构影响鸟类多样性的现象、规律和内在机制进行了归纳。总体而言,森林结构能够通过改变食物资源、栖息地、微气候条件、种间关系等对鸟类多样性产生直接和间接影响,鸟类的生活史和生态特征在对森林结构的响应中起到了决定性作用。在不同的尺度上森林结构的影响机制也有所不同,并存在一定的不确定性。展望了新兴观测手段在推动森林结构与鸟类多样性关系研究方面的作用,并强调了开展多尺度比较研究的重要性。倡导生态学家、保护生物学家和政策制定者之间的跨学科合作以解决复杂的保护挑战,为森林管理和生物多样性保护提供科学参考。As critical habitats for birds,the structure of forest ecosystems is not only a key factor in determining the spatial patterns of bird diversity and community composition,but also plays an important role in maintaining and enhancing the functions of forest ecosystems.Over the past few decades,global forest dynamics-characterized by varying degrees of degradation,restoration,deforestation,and afforestation-have resulted in significant and complex changes to forest structure.As a result,understanding how bird diversity responds to forest structure and its changes has become a central topic in the field of forest ecology and biodiversity conservation.In this study,we first review the key characteristics of forest structure and their heterogeneity,considering both horizontal and vertical dimensions.The definitions,calculation methods,and ecological significance are also summarized.Horizontal structure refers to the composition,configuration and distribution patterns of vegetation community,while vertical structure describes the bottom-to-top stratification of vegetation community such as the herbaceous layer,shrub layer,and canopy.Both aspects play critical roles in shaping habitat suitability and availability for avian species.We then explore the main data collection methods and commonly used research approaches for examining forest structure and bird diversity across plot,landscape,and regional scales.This study synthesizes the phenomena,patterns,and underlying mechanisms by which forest structure affects bird diversity at different scales.The findings indicate that forest structure can influence bird diversity by altering food resources,available habitats,microclimate conditions,and interspecies interactions.The life history traits and ecological characteristics of bird species play a decisive role in determining how they respond to changes in forest structure.Birds with specialized habitat requirements may be more sensitive to forest structural changes than generalist species.However,we find that the mechanisms b

关 键 词：森林生态系统 森林结构 鸟类多样性 影响机制 生物多样性保护 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]