中国自然保护地森林景观保护成效评估  

Assessment of the effectiveness of China′s natural reserves in protecting forest landscape

作　　者：甘悦 张晋东[1] 杨洪波 李阳[1] 陈珺 GAN Yue;ZHANG Jindong;YANG Hongbo;LI Yang;CHEN Jun(Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resources Conservation,China West Normal University,Ministry of Education,Nanchong 637001,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center of Eco-Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,南充637001 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1549-1562,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32201422,42071279,U21A20193);中国西南野生动植物资源保护重点实验室项目(XNYB9-01)。

摘　　要：自然保护地是生物多样性保护的核心举措,在全球森林生态系统保护中发挥着关键作用。尽管许多研究已经评估了自然保护地对土地覆盖、人类干扰和人类福祉的影响,但其在减少森林破碎化方面的成效仍然缺少评估。以中国建立的自然保护地为例,分析了2000—2022年保护地范围内森林覆盖率和森林破碎化程度的时空特征,采用倾向性得分匹配法评估了保护地在减少森林覆盖率下降和森林破碎化方面的成效,并分析了成效的空间分布规律。研究发现,超过半数保护地内的森林覆盖率增加而森林破碎化程度减少,整体森林景观正在改善。保护地内的森林景观变化模式在不同省份间存在显著的差异。其中,呈现保护地森林覆盖率增加、破碎化程度减少模式的省份数量最多,主要分布在中国的西部和东北地区。中国东南地区省份的保护地主要呈现森林覆盖率减少、破碎化程度增加以及森林覆盖率减少、破碎化程度减少的森林景观变化模式。在保护地的森林景观保护成效方面,约60.6%的保护地在减缓森林覆盖率下降方面取得了积极成效,大多数保护地(64.4%)在减少森林破碎化方面作出了积极贡献。不同省份保护地在减少森林覆盖率下降和森林破碎化方面的平均效应存在显著差异。在人类压力较大的东南地区省份,保护地减少森林覆盖率下降和森林破碎化的成效总体上更显著,而在人类压力较小的西北地区省份,保护地减少森林覆盖率下降和森林破碎化的成效相对较弱。保护地减少森林覆盖率下降与减少森林破碎化的成效的相关性不显著(r=0.04,P>0.05)。总体而言,中国自然保护地在保护森林景观方面是有效的,其中41.2%的保护地在减少森林覆盖率下降和森林破碎化方面均发挥了积极作用,84.0%的保护地至少在减少森林覆盖率下降或森林破碎化方面产生了积极成效。研Natural reserves are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation and play a crucial role in global forest ecosystem protection.Although many studies have evaluated the impact of natural reserves on land cover,human disturbances,and human welfare,the clarity of their effectiveness in reducing forest fragmentation remains unclear.Using natural reserves in China as an example,we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of forest cover and fragmentation within the reserves from 2000 to 2022.We further employed propensity score matching to evaluate the effectiveness of reserves in mitigating the decline in forest cover and curbing forest fragmentation,and analyzed the spatial patterns of these effects.The study revealed that over half of the reserves experienced an increase in forest cover and a decrease in fragmentation,indicating an overall improvement in forest landscapes.Significant differences were observed in the forest landscape change patterns in the reserves across different provinces.The majority of provinces where forest cover had increased and fragmentation had decreased were located in the western and northeastern regions of China.In contrast,reserves in the southeastern provinces predominantly exhibited patterns of decreasing forest cover,coupled with either increasing or decreasing fragmentation.In terms of the effectiveness of forest landscape protection within the reserves,approximately 60.6%of reserves achieved positive results in mitigating the decline in forest cover,and the majority(64.4%)contributed positively to curbing forest fragmentation.Notably,there were significant differences in the average effects of reserves on mitigating forest cover loss and curbing fragmentation across provinces.The effectiveness of reserves in mitigating the decline in forest cover and curbing forest fragmentation was more significant in the southeastern region facing high anthropogenic pressure.Conversely,in the northwestern provinces with lower human pressure,the effectiveness was relatively weaker.However,the

关 键 词：自然保护地 森林覆盖 森林破碎化 成效评估 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]