西成高铁陕西段沿线土地利用和景观格局变化的梯度效应  

Gradient effect of changes in land use and landscape patterns along the of Shaanxi segment Xi′an-Chengdu high-speed railway line

作　　者：李涛 高毅华[1] 王姣娥 LI Tao;GAO Yihua;WANG Jiaoe(Northwest Land and Resources Research Center,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710119,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Analysis and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心,西安710119 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1629-1645,共17页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD099);国家自然科学基金项目(42371189);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(24ZYYB017)。

摘　　要：迅速发展的高速铁路廊道正在对沿线区域土地利用和景观格局产生深远影响,科学分析高铁沿线土地利用和景观格局变化的梯度效应,理解以高速铁路为代表的人类活动对生态系统的影响,对加强高铁规划-建设-运营过程中景观生态保护、构建可持续高速铁路网络具有重要意义。以西成高铁陕西段两侧10km缓冲区为研究区,划分1km等间距缓冲带,基于西成高铁陕西段建设前后(2010年和2018年)的土地利用数据,分析缓冲区、缓冲带内土地利用和景观格局变化情况,并分段揭示高铁线路影响的梯度效应范围。结果表明:(1)耕地、林地和草地是西成高铁陕西段沿线缓冲区内主要景观类型。高铁线路建设开通增加了以建设用地为代表的人类活动区域。(2)高铁线路建设开通使得沿线区域景观整体异质性呈微弱增强趋势,形状则呈规则化趋势。耕地景观斑块变得破碎且分散,但形状变得规则。建设用地破碎化程度降低,连通和聚集程度呈加强态势。(3)高铁线路建设开通对沿线区域景观格局的影响具有显著的距离衰减梯度效应,影响范围呈现出秦岭段(1.3km)<巴山段(1.5km)<关中平原段(2.5km)<汉中盆地段(5.6km)的分布特征,这一范围亦是研究区沿线景观生态保护的重点区域。Although the socio-economic development benefits from establishment of transport infrastructures,their unreasonable construction also pose profound negative impact on ecological systems and sustainability.In China,the rapid development of high-speed railway(HSR)network has had a large impact on the changes in land use and landscape patterns along the routes.Therefore,scientific analysis of the gradient effect of the changes in the land use and landscape pattern along the high-speed railway routes,and then understanding the impacts of human activities on ecosystems represented by high-speed railroads is of great significance in enhancing landscape ecological protection and building a sustainable high-speed railway network.The Xi′an-Chengdu high-speed railway connecting the hub city of northwestern China,Xi′an with the hub city of southwestern China,Chengdu was launched in December 2012 and operation started in December 2017.As China′s first high-speed railway crossing the Qinling Mountains,it is highly typical to explore the disturbing impacts of this high-speed railway line on land use and landscape patterns along the route.Against this background,this study takes the 10-km buffer zone on both sides of the Xi′an-Chengdu high-speed railway as the study area,divides the 1-km equally spaced buffer zone,and analyzes the changes in land use and landscape patterns in the buffer zone and buffer zone based on land use data before and after the construction of the Xicheng high-speed railway(2010 and 2018)to reveal the gradient effect of the impacts of the high-speed railway line.The results show that:(1)Cultivated land,woodland and grassland are the main landscape types in the buffer zone along the Xicheng high-speed rail line.The opening of the HSR line construction increased the human activity area represented by construction land.(2)Under the influence of the construction and opening of high-speed rail lines,the degree of land use shows significant neighboring high-speed rail pointing and distance attenuation g

关 键 词：高速铁路 景观格局 梯度效应 距离衰减 秦岭 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学] U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]