海南岛热带典型天然牡蛎礁生态系统营养结构与功能评价  

An evaluation of the nutritional structure and function of the typical tropical natural oyster reef ecosystems in Hainan Island

作　　者：肖玉林 施凯 许强[1,2] XIAO Yulin;SHI Kai;XU Qiang(College of Marine Biology and Fisheries,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;State Key Laboratory of South China Sea Marine Resources Utilization,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋生物与水产学院,海口570228 [2]海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室,海口570228

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1697-1710,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD2401305,2019YFD0901304)。

摘　　要：全球天然牡蛎礁受到不同程度的人为活动影响,中国多数礁区的生态功能已严重衰退。以海南文昌龙楼(东岸)和儋州海头(西岸)典型潮间带天然牡蛎礁为研究对象,使用Ecopath静态模型作为分析工具,对比分析2个生态系统的营养结构特征和能量流动途径。结果表明,2个牡蛎礁生态系统具有相似的营养级结构,第Ⅱ营养级的能量转换效率低,均以碎屑食物链为主,主要关键种为腹足类、节肢动物、大型海藻和浮游植物。2个生态系统中的第I营养级承受着极高的捕食压力,其被捕食量分别高达总捕食量的99.48%和99.16%,大部分能量集中在前两个营养级,第Ⅰ、II营养级的总流量分别占系统总流量的99.88%和99.67%。龙楼牡蛎礁生态系统中,浮游植物显示出更强的上行效应,而海头牡蛎礁生态系统则具有更高的平均能量转移效率,达到7.046%。海头的连接指数(CI)、系统杂食指数(SOI)、Finn′s循环指数、Finn′s平均路径长度和聚合度(A)分别为0.301、0.111、23.70%、4.510和39.42%,高于龙楼(0.281、0.110、9.927%、3.170和33.14%)。龙楼的TPP/TR(总初级生产量/总呼吸量)和TPP/TB(总初级生产量/总生物量)分别为2.442、6.557,海头分别为1.026、2.927,说明海头牡蛎礁生态系统的成熟度和稳定性更强。研究发现,2处天然牡蛎礁生态系统有较好的成熟度和稳定性,海头的牡蛎礁生态系统健康状况优于龙楼,但均存在营养级间的能量传递受到阻碍的问题,大部分能量流向了碎屑,说明系统中均缺乏高营养级的生物,未来的管理策略应着重于减少对近岸肉食性鱼类和蟹类等高营养级生物的人为捕捞活动,进一步提升牡蛎礁生态系统的稳定性。Human activities have impacted natural oyster reefs globally to varying extents,leading to a severe decline in the ecological functions of the majority of oyster reefs in China.In this study,we focused on the natural oyster reefs located in the typical intertidal zones of Longlou,Wenchang(on the east coast)and Haitou,Danzhou(on the west coast)in Hainan.Using the static model of Ecopath,we compared and analyzed the ecological structure and energy flow of these ecosystems.The study indicated that the trophic levels of the two oyster reef ecosystems were similar,the food webs were relatively simple,and the energy conversion efficiency of the first and second trophic levels were low,and both of them were dominated by debris food chain.The keystone functional groups include gastropods,arthropods,macroalgae and phytoplankton.The first trophic level faces an exceptionally intense predation pressure,with the amount consumed reaching up to 99.48%and 99.16%of the total predation,respectively.The majority of energy within these two ecosystems is concentrated at the first and second trophic levels,accounting for 99.88%and 99.67%of the total energy flow,respectively.In the Longlou oyster reef ecosystem,phytoplankton exhibit a stronger bottom-up effect,while the Haitou oyster reef ecosystem has a higher average energy transfer efficiency,reaching 7.046%.The connectance index(CI),system omnivory index(SOI),Finn′s cycling index(FCI),Finn′s mean path length(FML)and ascendency(A)of Haitou were 0.301,0.111,23.70%,4.510 and 39.42%,respectively,which were higher than those of Longlou(0.281、0.110、9.927%、3.170 and 33.14%).The TPP/TR(total primary production/total respiration)and TPP/TB(total primary production/total biomass)value of Longlou are 2.442 and 6.557,respectively,while those of Haitou are 1.026 and 2.927,respectively,indicating that the oyster reef ecosystem in Haitou exhibits a higher degree of maturity and stability.Research findings indicate that the two natural oyster reef ecosystems possess a relatively high le

关 键 词：海南岛 潮间带 天然牡蛎礁 ECOPATH 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]