基于大型底栖动物生物完整性指数的天津市城市河流水生态健康评价  

Evaluation of water ecological health of urban rivers in Tianjin based on macroinvertebrate biological integrity index

作　　者：郑彪 高欣[2] 李曌[1] 田爽 丁页[1] 张玥彤 孙冰皎 ZHENG Biao;GAO Xin;LI Zhao;TIAN Shuang;DING Ye;ZHANG Yuetong;SUN Bingjiao(China National Environmental Monitoring Centre,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1723-1735,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0102)。

摘　　要：生物完整性指数整合了多个单指标对干扰的响应特征,因此在综合评价水生态健康状况时具有良好的指标稳定性和响应敏感性。使用生物完整性指数开展自然河流水生态健康评价案例较多,但由于水体特征差异性导致指标选取存在不同,因此针对城市河流的评价研究案例并不多见。在参考以往研究基础上,结合城市河流的独有特征,将可以反映生态系统功能的功能多样性指标纳入备选指标体系,构建了天津市城市河流大型底栖动物完整性评价指数并开展了水生态健康评价。基于2023年4月和9月的水生态监测数据,分析了天津市城市河流大型底栖动物群落结构在枯水期和丰水期之间的变化情况。结果表明,大型底栖动物群落组成表现出显著的季节差异(ANOSIM:P=0.006,R=0.107),枯水期物种数要高于丰水期。梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata,Y枯水期=0.208,Y丰水期=0.192)、环棱螺属一种(Bellamya sp.,Y枯水期=0.045,Y丰水期=0.074)和纹沼螺(Parafossarulus striatulus,Y枯水期=0.033,Y丰水期=0.163)均是优势种,表现出季节稳定性。本研究构建了以水生昆虫分类单元数、BMWP指数、功能丰富度和功能分异度等为核心评价指标的天津市城市河流大型底栖动物生物完整性指数(IBI)。评价结果体现了在生物完整性的构建时引入功能参数的重要性。从空间分布看,上游河道保持了较好的生物完整性特征,而由于人类活动的介入导致中下游河道普遍偏差。从季节变化来看,不同地区的完整性变化存在差异,栖息地完整、植被覆盖度高和功能多样性高的参考点位对外部干扰的抵抗力和恢复力较好,因此受到的水文扰动小,而受损点位生物完整性普遍降低。营养盐和有机污染均影响了两个季节的IBI指数,而对于丰水期的大型底栖动物群落,水文变化也是不容忽视的重要因素。本研究结果从生物完整性角度为天津市河The Index of Biotic Integrity integrates the response characteristics of several individual indicators to disturbances,thus offering has good indicator stability and response sensitivity in comprehensively evaluating the health status of water ecosystems.There are many cases of water ecological health evaluation of natural rivers using the biotic integrity index,but there are relatively few studies evaluating urban rivers due to the variability in water body characteristics affecting indicator selection.Building on previous studies and considering the unique characteristics of urban rivers,this study incorporated functional diversity indicators,which reflect ecosystem functions,into the alternative index system,constructed an index for evaluating the integrity of macroinvertebrates in urban rivers in Tianjin,and carried out the evaluation of water ecological health.Based on the water ecology monitoring data from April and September 2023,the changes in the macroinvertebrates community structure of urban rivers in Tianjin were analyzed between dry and water abundant periods.The results showed that macroinvertebrates community composition exhibited significant seasonal differences(ANOSIM:P=0.006,R=0.107),with species richness being higher in dry periods than in water abundant periods.The number of species was higher in the dry period than in the abundant period for the pear-shaped ringed snail(Bellamya purificata,Y dry period=0.208,Y abundant period=0.192),one species of ringed snail(Bellamya sp.,Y dry period=0.045,Y abundant period=0.074),and one species of striated marsh snail(Parafossarulus striatulus,Y dry period=0.033,Y abundant period=0.164).These species were all dominant,showing seasonal stability.In this study,the macroinvertebrate biological integrity index(IBI)of urban rivers in Tianjin was constructed using the number of aquatic insect taxonomic units,the BMWP index,functional richness,and functional differentiation as the core evaluation indexes.The evaluation results reflect the importance of introduci

关 键 词：城市河流 大型底栖动物 生物完整性指数 功能多样性 季节差异 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学] X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]