基于昆-蒙框架的PSR生物多样性评估方法构建  

The PSR biodiversity assessment indicator system of Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

作　　者：祝晨佳 高吉喜 万华伟 郭雨桐 朱萨宁 杨雪 尤春赫 ZHU Chenjia;GAO Jixi;WAN Huawei;GUO Yutong;ZHU Saning;YANG Xue;YOU Chunhe(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People′s Republic of China,Beijing 100094,China;School of Grassland Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094 [3]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1854-1864,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划:草地生物多样性无伤害遥感监测技术与应用示范(2021YFB3901102)。

摘　　要：开展《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(以下简称“《昆-蒙框架》”)评估对于解决全球生物多样性丧失问题、合理调整生物多样性保护管理政策以及进一步提升全球生物多样性保护管理水平都具有重要意义,但还未有统一的《昆-蒙框架》生物多样性评估指标体系用于常规和周期性的生物多样性状态监测及其变化评估。研究围绕2022年《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP-15)提出的《昆-蒙框架》,借鉴国内外已有的生物多样性评估指标体系,充分考虑生物多样性变化、现状和保护要素的关系,采用压力-状态-响应(Pressure-State-Response,PSR)概念框架,构建了《昆-蒙框架》生物多样性评估指标体系,包括3个一级指标、13个主题指标和16个评估指标。基于综合评分法构建了评估指标体系的定量计算公式。同时分析了拟定评估指标体系与《昆-蒙框架》行动目标的相关性和指标数据的可获得性,结果表明,拟定评估指标体系能够很好地对《昆-蒙框架》生物多样性进行监测评估,也发现现有数据难以对行动目标20、21、22和23进行量化评估。讨论了当下《昆-蒙框架》生物多样性评估指标体系研究中存在的不足和展望,以期促进《昆-蒙框架》愿景早日实现。Biodiversity encompasses the variety of living organisms,their ecological complexes,and related processes,serving as the material basis for human survival and as a fundamental guarantee for sustainable economic and social development.However,with the rapid pace of modernization,biodiversity loss has become a severe issue and is recognized by the United Nations as one of the three major global environmental crises.In response,many countries have intensified their biodiversity conservation efforts.At the fifteenth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity(COP-15)in 2022,the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF)was unanimously adopted.This framework outlines 23 global action targets across three main areas:mitigating pressures on biodiversity,promoting sustainable use and benefit-sharing,and implementing measures and mainstreaming approaches.The KM-GBF aims to transform the relationship between society and biodiversity by 2030 and to achieve a vision of living in harmony with nature by 2050.However,there is currently a lack of an effective monitoring and evaluation system to accurately describe changes in biodiversity composition,status,and threats,and to coherently and transparently track and report progress toward global goals.To address this gap,this study draws on existing biodiversity evaluation systems,both domestica and international.Considering the complex relationships among biodiversity dynamics,statuses,and conservation elements,we have developed a robust array of biodiversity evaluation indices.Using the Pressure-State-Response(PSR)conceptual model,our system includes three core indicators,thirteen thematic indicators,and sixteen assessment indicators.A quantitative evaluation index system,supported by a comprehensive scoring methodology,has been crafted to facilitate efficient monitoring and evaluation of biodiversity within the KM-GBF framework.Furthermore,we have scrutinized the alignment between these indicators and the KM-GBF actionable targets,along with a

关 键 词：生物多样性 《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》 评估 压力-状态-响应(PSR) 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]