铜矿废弃地不同演替阶段植物群落特征及其稳定性  

Characteristics and stability of plant communities in abandoned copper mining sites with different successional period

作　　者：谭许脉 孙立祥 杜忠毓 李浩然 党宁 肖江 张平选 陈光才[1] TAN Xumai;SUN Lixiang;DU Zhongyu;LI Haoran;DANG Ning;XIAO Jiang;ZHANG Pingxuan;CHEN Guangcai(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Tongdu Forest Park Management Office of Tongling City(State-owned Forest Farm),Tongling 244000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400 [2]南京林业大学,南京210037 [3]铜陵市铜都森林公园管理处(国有林场),铜陵244000

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1900-1912,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071736);安徽省林业科技创新研究项目(AHLYCX-2022);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(皖【2023】TG09号)。

摘　　要：研究旨在分析铜矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植物群落结构特征及其稳定性,以期为矿区受损生态系统的植被恢复提供理论依据。采用“空间代时间”方法,分析铜矿废弃地不同恢复年限[1a(R1)、10a(R10)、30a(R30)和45a(R45)]及对照区(CK)植物群落结构组成及其稳定性。结果显示:(1)不同恢复阶段,优势物种有差异,例如恢复初期(R1)为海州香薷(Elsholtzia splendens)+茵陈蒿(Artemisia capillaris)+鸭跖草(Commelina communis)群落,恢复中期(R10)茵陈蒿、五节芒(Miscanthus floridulus)和海州香薷为优势种,而恢复后期(R30和R45)为海州香薷+鸭跖草群落,为该矿区废弃地自发演替的基本过程。(2)恢复过程中,植物群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数及生物量先(R1和R10)增加后降低(R30和R45),Whittakerβ指数随着植物群落恢复呈增加趋势。(3)R1、R10、R30、R45和CK植物群落Godron稳定性的交点与群落稳定参考点(20,80)的欧氏距离依次分别为23.19、43.91、24.25、15.41和10.78,表明在自然恢复过程中,植物群落物种丰富度增加,群落稳定性和复杂性增强。该研究揭示了矿区废弃地植被的自然演替规律及其稳定性特征,为铜矿废弃地植被恢复和群落演替动态提供了数据参考和理论依据。This study analyzes the characteristics of plant community structure and its stability during the ecological restoration process of copper mining areas,to provide theoretical basis for the vegetation restoration of damaged ecosystems in mining areas.The"space for time"method was used to analyze the composition structure and stability of plant community in different restoration years[1 year(R1),10 years(R10),30 years(R30),and 45 years(R45)]and control areas(CK)of copper mining areas located in Tongling city.The results show:(1)In the early stage of restoration(R1),the community species is dominated by Elsholtzia splendens+Artemisia capillaris+Commelina communis.In the middle period of restoration(R10),Artemisia capillaris,Miscanthus floridulus,and Elsholtzia splendens were the dominant species.In the R30 and R45,the community species was dominated by Elsholtzia splendens+Commelina communis.It is the basic process of spontaneous succession of the abandoned land in the mining area.(2)During the restoration process,the Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Pielou evenness index,and biomass of plant communities firstly increased(R1 and R10)and then decreased(R30 and R45);Whittakerβindex showed an increasing trend with the restoration of plant communities.(3)The intersections of Godron stability of the four plant communities and the control areas plant communities with the Euclidean distance to the community stability reference points(20,80)are respectively 23.19(R1),43.91(R10),24.25(R30),15.41(R45),and 10.78(CK).The study indicates that during the natural restoration process,the species richness of plant communities increased and the stability and complexity of communities enhanced.By revealing the natural succession pattern and its stability characteristic on vegetation,this study provides theoretical support for vegetation restoration and community succession dynamics in copper mining areas.

关 键 词：铜矿区 植被演替 物种多样性 生物量 Godron稳定性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]