基于根系类型组合的护坡植物根系生态位特征  

Characterization of root ecological niche of slope protection plants based on root type combinations

作　　者：耿莞 陈济丁[2] 孔亚平[2] 陶双成[2] 赵倩[1,4] 李金波 宋桂龙 GENG Wan;CHEN Jiding;KONG Yaping;TAO Shuangcheng;ZHAO Qian;LI Jinbo;SONG Guilong(College of Grassland Science and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Research Institute of Transport,Beijing 100029,China;National Engineering Research Center of Forestry Grassland Sports Ground and Slope Protection Turf,Beijing 100083,China;Forestry Development Center of Weihai,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学草业与草原学院,北京100083 [2]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [3]国家林业草原运动场与护坡草坪工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [4]威海市林业发展中心,威海264200

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1913-1924,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2600104)。

摘　　要：根系生态位特征是护坡植物选择的重要依据,而具有不同根系生态位特征的植物组合,直接影响坡面土体的固持和植被恢复效果。选取了4种根系类型的常用护坡植物,分别为垂直轴根型灌木紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa L.)、水平轴根型灌木胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)、根蘖型草本紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)、丛生型草本高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea),依据根系类型进行了9种组合,采用湿法客土喷播对模拟边坡进行修复治理,研究不同植物组合的根系生态位特征,以明确不同类型根系之间错综复杂的位置关系及生态功能,为边坡修复植物选择及加固坡面稳定提供一定参考。研究结果表明:(1)不同根系结构类型组合在土层的空间分布具有显著差异。在0—10 cm土层中,高羊茅组合的根长及根干重百分比显著高于其他组合为86.9%和90.83%;而紫穗槐+苜蓿组合则在5 cm以下的土层中显著高于其他组合,为63.73%和76.52%。(2)不同组合根系生态位指数均随径级数量的增加而递减,均呈现反J型。高羊茅组合和胡枝子组合根系生态位指数均随土层深度的增加先升高后降低,其余组合随土层深度的增加而降低。高羊茅组合垂直空间生态位变化最大,其变幅为0.21—3.51。在10 cm以下土层中,除紫穗槐+苜蓿组合外的其余组合生态位指数均显著下降表现为表层聚集生态位型。(3)生态位指数最高的组合是紫穗槐+胡枝子,为1。紫穗槐+胡枝子+高羊茅组合的细根生态位宽度指数、生态位重叠度及地下种间竞争指数均显著高于其他组合,分别为0.089、0.036和0.438,种间竞争强度最大。综合不同根系类型植物组合的根系生态位特征,表现较好的根系类型组合为垂直轴根型+水平轴根型的紫穗槐+胡枝子组合、垂直轴根型+水平轴根型+丛生型的紫穗槐+胡枝子+高羊茅组合、根蘖型苜蓿组合和垂直轴根型+根蘖型的紫穗槐+苜蓿�Root ecological niche characteristics are an important basis for the selection of slope protection plants,and the combination of plants with different root types has ecological niche differences due to the root structure,which directly affects the plant′s effect of soil retention and restoration on slopes.In this experiment,four commonly used slope protection plants with different root types as case study:Amorpha fruticosa L.with a vertical axis root type,Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.with a horizontal axis root type,Medicago sativa L.with a root tillers type,and Festuca arundinacea with a tufted root type.The planting method involved simulated wet spraying on slopes is used to study the ecological characteristics of different root system combinations.By clarifying the intricate relationship between different types of roots and their ecological functions,the study provides a reference for selecting plants for slope restoration and reinforcement of slope stability.The results show that:(1)There is a significant difference in the distribution of different root structure types in various soil layers.In the soil layer at a 0—10 cm depth,GG(Festuca arundinacea)exhibited a significantly higher percentage of root length and root dry weight than other combinations,at 86.9%and 90.83%respectively.Meanwhile,in the soil layer below 5 cm,ZM(Amorpha fruticosa L.+Medicago sativa L.)showed significantly higher than other combinations,at 63.73%and 76.52%respectively.(2)The root niche index decreased as the number of radial levels increased,displaying an inverse J-shaped.The root niche index of GG and HH(Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.)initially increased and then decreased with soil depth,whereas the other combinations decreased with increasing soil depth.GG showed the most substantial change in vertical spatial niche,with a range of 0.21—3.51.In soil layers less than 10 cm deep,except for ZM,the niche index of the other combinations significantly decreased,indicating a surface aggregation niche type.Similarly,all position index decreas

关 键 词：模拟边坡 根系类型组合 根系生态位 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 

分 类 号：S157.43[农业科学—土壤学]