两个海拔亚高山粗枝云杉林土壤真菌群落差异及其驱动因素  

Community differences and driving factors of soil fungi of subalpine Picea asperata forests at two altitudes

作　　者：冯哲 孔涛 张晓瑛 赵文强 寇涌苹 FENG Zhe;KONG Tao;ZHANG Xiaoying;ZHAO Wenqiang;KOU Yongping(College of Environment Science and Engineering,Liaoning Technical University,Fuxin 123000,China;Chengdu Institude of Biology,Chinese Academy of Science,Chengdu 610213,China;College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources,Chengdu Normal University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,成都610213 [3]成都师范学院创新创业学院四川省特色园艺生物资源开发利用重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第4期1987-1998,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32171550);中国科学院青年促进会项目(2021371);四川省科技计划(2023NSFSC1188)。

摘　　要：土壤真菌对维持植物地上生物量具有重要作用,植物也会通过根系分泌物等调控土壤真菌群落组成,然而,人们对森林树种影响土壤真菌及其功能群落组成和多样性的认识仍不足。选择川西亚高山两种海拔(2900 m和3200 m)下年龄相似的粗枝云杉(Picea asperata)天然林为研究对象,采集粗枝云杉根际、非根际及空地土壤,采用高通量测序技术和FUNGuild数据库比对,分析土壤真菌及其功能真菌群落的组成和多样性变化。结果表明,土壤真菌及其功能真菌群落的组成和多样性在3个土壤取样位置间差异不显著,但在2个海拔之间具有显著差异,例如,海拔2900 m和3200 m土壤的优势真菌分别为蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)和红菇属(Russula)。对于真菌功能群落α多样性,发现外生菌根(ECM)真菌群落的ACE指数在2900 m海拔处显著高于3200 m海拔,而植物病原真菌的ACE指数和Shannon指数恰好相反,土壤真菌及其腐生真菌群落的α多样性指数在不同海拔间无显著差异。进一步通过网络分析发现,两个海拔之间土壤真菌群落的相互关系和核心菌群明显不同,其中3200m海拔的土壤真菌群落表现出更明显的负相关性。另外,影响土壤真菌及其功能群落的关键因子也不相同,土壤真菌和腐生真菌群落主要受pH影响,而外生菌根真菌和植物病原真菌群落分别受到土壤含水量和全氮的影响。本研究有助于深入理解森林生态系统的地下微生物学机制,为森林保护和恢复提供科学依据。Soil fungi are crucial for sustaining plant abovegroung biomass and in turn,plants influence the soil fungal community composition via root exudates.However,the impact of forest tree species on soil fungi,including the composition and diversity of their functional communities,is not well understood.In this study,Picea asperata natural forest with similar ages at two altitudes(2900 m and 3200 m)in the subalpine mountains of western Sichuan were selected to analyze the changes of soil fungi and their functional fungal communities composition and diversity by collecting the rhizosphere,non-rhizosphere and bulk soil samples.The high-throughput sequencing technology and FUNGuild database comparison were used.The results show that the composition and diversity of soil fungi and their functional fungal communities were not significantly different among the three soil sampling sites,however,there were significant differences in the composition and diversity of soil fungi and their functional fungal communities between the two altitudes.For example,the dominant fungal genera at 2900 m and 3200 m were Sebacina and Russula,respectively.For theαdiversity of fungal functional community,it was found that the ACE index of ectomycorrhizal(ECM)fungal community was significantly higher at 2900 m than at 3200 m altitude,while the ACE index and Shannon index of plant pathogenic fungal community show an opposite trend,and theαdiversity index of soil fungi and their saprotrophic fungal communities had no significant difference at different altitudes.Network analysis revealed significant differences in the interactions between soil fungi and their core communities at the two altitudes,with the 3200m community exhibiting a notably stronger negative correlation.In addition,the key factors affecting soil fungi and their functional fungal communities were also different.The communities of soil fungi and saprotrophic fungi were mainly affected by pH,while the communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogenic fungi were affected by

关 键 词：真菌群落 功能真菌群落 海拔 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学] S791.18