酸种类及终点pH值对垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属浸出行为的影响  

Influence of Acid Types and End-point pH Values on the Leaching Behavior of Heavy Metals from MSWI Fly Ash

作　　者：李锰 芦静 孙英杰[1] 王福浩 李卫华[1] 张庆建 龙吉生 李寿辉 纪勇 王华伟[1] 卞荣星[1] LI Meng;LU Jing;SUN Yingjie;WANG Fuhao;LI Weihua;ZHANG Qingjian;LONG Jisheng;LI Shouhui;JI Yong;WANG Huawei;BIAN Rongxing(Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266520,China;Qingdao SUS Renewable Energy Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266113,China;Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266300,China;Shanghai SUS Environment Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 201703,China;Qingdao West Coast Public Utilities Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266555,China;Qingdao Guozhen Smart Technology Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,青岛市固体废物污染控制与资源化工程研究中心,山东青岛266520 [2]青岛康恒再生能源有限公司,山东青岛266113 [3]青岛市固体废弃物处置有限责任公司,山东青岛266300 [4]上海康恒环境股份有限公司,上海201703 [5]青岛西海岸公用事业集团有限公司,山东青岛266555 [6]青岛国真智慧科技有限公司,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《中国无机分析化学》2025年第4期458-468,共11页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52370139,52000111);青岛市科技惠民示范专项项目(24-1-8-cspz-10-nsh);山东省高等学校青年创新团队人才引育计划“固体废物污染控制与资源化创新团队”项目;山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”项目(2023KJ117)。

摘　　要：为探究垃圾焚烧飞灰酸洗脱毒工艺中酸添加及终点pH值控制对其重金属浸出行为的影响,采用具有浓度梯度的四种酸对飞灰进行酸洗处理,探究终点pH值对飞灰酸洗过程中重金属浸出行为及环境风险,以及飞灰残渣赋存重金属化学形态及矿物组成变化的影响。结果表明:Pb、Cu和Cr的浸出量表现出醋酸>硝酸>硫酸>磷酸的趋势;Pb、Zn、Cu和Cr的浸出液pH值分别在9<pH<11、10<pH<11、pH≈11和6<pH<8时呈现最低浸出量;浸出重金属的综合环境风险(RI值)完全受Cd浸出液浓度的主导,且pH≈11时,浸出液RI值最小。总体上,磷酸酸洗环境下飞灰浸出液重金属环境风险最低,且酸洗飞灰残渣中各重金属赋存化学形态更为稳定;而醋酸酸洗环境下的浸出液重金属环境风险最高,主要是因为其对弱酸提取态重金属具体较高的浸出效率。研究结果可为飞灰的酸洗脱毒工艺比选及参数优化,以及酸洗液重金属环境风险管控等提供理论参考。To investigate the effects of acid addition and endpoint pH value control on the leaching behavior of heavy metals in the acid washing detoxification process of municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash,four types of acids with concentration gradients were used for acid washing treatment of fly ash.The effects of endpoint pH value on the leaching behavior and environmental risks of heavy metals during the acid washing process of fly ash,as well as the changes in the chemical forms and mineral composition of heavy metals present in fly ash residues,were investigated.The results showed that the leaching amounts of Pb,Cu,and Cr showed a trend of acetic acid>nitric acid>sulfuric acid>phosphoric acid.Pb,Zn,Cu,and Cr showed the lowest leaching amounts at 9<pH<11,10<pH<11,pH≈11,and 6<pH<8,respectively.The comprehensive environmental risk(RI value)of leached heavy metals was completely dominated by the Cd leaching concentration,and when pH≈11,the RI value of the leachate was the lowest.Overall,the environmental risk of heavy metals in fly ash leachate under phosphoric acid washing environment was the lowest,and the chemical forms of various heavy metals in the acid washed fly ash residue were more stable.However,the environmental risk of heavy metals in leachate under acetic acid washing environment was the highest,mainly because it had a specific higher leaching efficiency for weakly acid extracted heavy metals.The research results can provide theoretical reference for the comparison and optimization of acid washing and detoxification processes for fly ash,as well as for the environmental risk control of heavy metals in acid washing solutions.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧飞灰 酸洗 终点pH值 重金属浸出 环境风险 

分 类 号：O657[理学—分析化学] X705[理学—化学]