一种土壤有效养分联合浸提测定方法的建立  

Evaluation of a Universal Extractant for Determining Soil Available Nutrients

作　　者：李正雄 傅国海 杨建豪 张育维 钟永红[3] 杜森[3] 高祥照[3] 史建国 汪洪[2] LI Zhengxiong;FU Guohai;YANG Jianhao;ZHANG Yuwei;ZHONG Yonghong;DU Sen;GAO Xiangzhao;SHI Jianguo;WANG Hong(Yulin University,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [4]河北农业大学,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国无机分析化学》2025年第4期532-544,共13页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：农业农村部测土配方施肥项目(2019-2023年)。

摘　　要：快速测定土壤有效养分,评价土壤肥力水平,为指导科学施肥提供重要依据。常规测试方法存在耗时长、分析步骤繁琐等问题。选择9种不同类型土壤,设置浸提液体积、振荡时间、振荡温度、浸提液pH值四个因素,采用正交设计L^(9)(3^(4))试验,研究方法最佳浸提条件;对浸提方法测定值与常规方法测定值、玉米作物生物量及养分吸收量之间进行相关分析。结果表明:浸提方法测定值影响因素依次为浸提液pH值、浸提液体积、振荡时间、振荡温度。浸提液pH值对土壤养分测定值影响明显。土壤中磷、钾、钙、镁、硫、铁、铜、锌等有效养分含量测定值和常规法测定值、与玉米地上部生物量、植株养分吸收量之间具有良好的相关关系。建立了一种土壤有效养分联合浸提测定方法,命名为G20方法,浸提程序组合为:称取5.00 g土壤样品,加入50.00 mL浸提液(pH=2.5),25℃和180 r/min下振荡15 min,过滤待测液中养分元素采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪一次同时测定。G20方法能够同时提取多种土壤有效态养分元素,可表征土壤有效养分供应水平,有望可用于土壤测试推荐施肥。Rapid determination of effective soil nutrients and evaluation of soil fertility levels provide an important basis for guiding scientific fertilization.Conventional testing methods have the problems of time-consuming and cumbersome analytical steps.In this paper,a new joint universal leaching method for soil nutrients was established and optimized.Nine different types of soils were selected,and four factors,namely,volume of leachate,oscillation time,oscillation temperature,and pH of leachate,were set to study the optimal leaching conditions of the method by using an orthogonal design of L^(9)(3^(4)).The correlation between the values of the method leaching and those of the conventional method,the biomass of maize crop and nutrient uptake were analyzed.The results showed that the factors affecting the method leaching values were leaching solution pH,volume of leaching solution,oscillation time,and oscillation temperature in the following order.The pH of the leaching solution had a significant effect on the measured values of soil nutrients.There was a good correlation between the measured values of soil P,K,Ca,Mg,S,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and other effective nutrients and the values determined by the conventional method,as well as the biomass of maize aboveground and the nutrient uptake of the plant.A combined leaching method for the determination of effective soil nutrients,named G20 method,was established.And the combination of leaching procedures was as follows:weighing 5.00 g of soil samples,adding 50.00 mL of leaching solution(pH=2.5),oscillating for 15 min at 25℃and 180 r/min,and filtering the solution to be tested for the determination of nutrients in a single simultaneous determination by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry(ICP-OES).The G20 method is capable of extracting multiple soil active state nutrient elements simultaneously,characterizing the level of effective nutrient availability in the soil.It is expected to be useful for recommending fertilizer applications for soil testing.

关 键 词：土壤有效养分 正交试验 联合浸提 校验研究 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学] S158[理学—化学]