硅系列物料中粉料的固体废物属性快速鉴别  

Rapid Identification of Solid Waste Properties of Powder in Silicon Series Materials

作　　者：武素茹 孙鑫 赵江勇 李涛 王兆瑞 冯文燕 WU Suru;SUN Xin;ZHAO Jiangyong;LI Tao;WANG Zhaorui;FENG Wenyan(Chemical,Minerals and Metallic Materials Inspection Centre of Tianjin Customs,Tianjin 300456,China)

机构地区：[1]天津海关化矿金属材料检测中心,天津300456

出　　处：《中国无机分析化学》2025年第4期554-562,共9页Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry

基　　金：海关总署科技项目(2023HK008);天津海关科技项目(2021THK018)。

摘　　要：进口硅系列产品申报品名繁多、来源复杂、形态各异,包括金属硅、微硅粉、硅粉、工业硅、单晶硅、多晶硅、太阳能多晶硅、硅铁合金、碳化硅、硅质耐火材料等,还有“埃肯流动性调节剂”等,其品名隐蔽性强,导致鉴别难度大、流程长,且各口岸执法尺度不一,给固废鉴别工作带来挑战。结合物料来源,将硅相关产品按照粒度和形貌(粉料、块料、碎料及硅片)分别讨论其固废属性。针对此类产品,特别是粉状样品固废属性鉴别的难点,以几种典型样品为研究对象,通过X射线荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射光谱仪、激光粒度分析仪等技术手段,综合表征其特征参数,提取固废风险识别的关键因子,探讨样品的固体废物属性。关键特征包括单质硅含量不高;物相含有碳化硅、二氧化硅、硅酸钙,或者为非晶相特征;粒度极细;含有聚乙二醇等有机物。重点解决了硅系列产品中粉料的固废属性鉴别难点,建立了硅系列产品的固废属性鉴别方法,优化鉴别流程,提高鉴别效率,为硅类产品的固废属性快速鉴别提供技术支撑。The imported silicon series products have a wide variety of declared names,complex sources,and different forms,including metal silicon,micro silicon powder,silicon powder,industrial silicon,single crystal silicon,polycrystalline silicon,solar polycrystalline silicon,ferrosilicon alloy,silicon carbide,siliceous refractory materials,and“Elkem flow regulator”.Their names are highly concealed,leading to difficulties in identification and long processes.Moreover,the enforcement standards vary from port to port,which poses challenges for solid waste identification work.The full process of crystalline silicon product chains was comprehensively described,including various production technologies for key products such as industrial silicon,polycrystalline silicon,and monocrystalline silicon.The types and characteristics of normal materials and solid waste generated in these processes were analyzed.Based on the risk level of material sources,the solid waste attributed of crystalline silicon products were classified by particle size and morphology,including powder,lumps,fragments,and silicon wafers.To address the challenge of solid waste identification for powdery samples,several typical samples were collected and characterized using techniques such as X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,X-ray diffraction spectrometer,and laser particle size analyzer.Key technical methods were identified,and critical factors for waste risk identification were extracted.Key characteristics included low content of silicon.The phase contained silicon carbide,silicon dioxide,calcium silicate,or was characterized by amorphous phase.The particle size was extremely fine.It contained organic substances such as polyethylene glycol.The study investigated the identification technology for silicon products and waste materials,optimized the identification process,resolved the challenge of solid waste attribute identification for powdery materials,and established a rapid identification method for the solid waste identification of crystalline silicon prod

关 键 词：硅系列物料 固体废物 属性鉴别 

分 类 号：O657.31[理学—分析化学]