丝兰提取物对奶牛泌乳性能、血清指标、瘤胃发酵及瘤胃菌群的影响  

Effects of Yucca schidigera extract on performance,serum indexes,rumen fermentation and rumen flora of dairy cows

作　　者：李艺男 李莲[1] 韩兆玉[1] 翟云飞 田雨 LI Yinan;LI Lian;HAN Zhaoyu;ZHAI Yunfei;TIAN Yu(College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Nanjing Weigang Dairy Group,Nanjing 211102,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京卫岗乳业集团,江苏南京211102

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2025年第3期19-27,共9页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：江苏现代农业产业单项技术研发项目[CX(22)3198]。

摘　　要：旨在探究丝兰提取物(Yucca schidigera extract,YSE)对奶牛的泌乳性能、血清指标、瘤胃发酵以及菌群的影响。选择24头泌乳天数、胎次、产奶量相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,将其随机分为对照组(基础日粮),低剂量组(基础日粮+每头0.6 g/d YSE)和高剂量组(基础日粮+每头1.2 g/d YSE),每组8头,预试期为10 d,正试期为50 d。试验结束后,采集奶样、血样和瘤胃液样用于测定乳成分、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物菌群。结果:与对照组相比,低剂量组的日产奶量与乳蛋白产量显著增加(P<0.05),乳脂率显著降低(P<0.05);高剂量组的乳尿素氮含量极显著低于对照组和低剂量组(P<0.01);3个组的4%标准乳、乳脂产量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、乳总固体率与乳体细胞数未见显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,低剂量组的血清白蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05),高剂量组的血清葡萄糖含量显著降低(P<0.05);YSE对奶牛其他血清生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05),YSE对奶牛的抗氧化能力没有显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组、低剂量组相比,高剂量组奶牛瘤胃pH值显著升高(P<0.05),戊酸含量显著降低(P<0.05),3组间其他瘤胃发酵参数未见显著差异(P>0.05);甲烷产量与YSE饲喂量成反比,但各组间无显著差异(P>0.05);主坐标分析显示,高剂量组瘤胃古菌群落与对照组、低剂量组显著分离,相较于对照组和低剂量组,高剂量组甲烷短杆菌属的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,日粮添加YSE能够提高奶牛的产奶性能,并有降低甲烷产生的潜力,低剂量的YSE可以提高饲料中的蛋白利用率,高剂量的YSE具有调控血糖的功能,对瘤胃产甲烷菌群也产生了一定的影响。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Yucca schidigera extract(YSE)on production performance,serum indexes,rumen fermentation and rumen flora of Holstein dairy cows.Based on similar lactation days and parities and milk production performance,24 healthy Holstein cows were selected and randomly assigned to one of the three groups(n=8 per group):Group A(Total Mixed Ration,TMR),Group B(TMR+0.6 g/d YSE per cow)and Group C(TMR+1.2 g/d YSE per cow).The experimental pre-feeding period was 10 days and the formal feeding period was 50 days.During the experiment,milk samples,blood samples and rumen fluid samples were collected for the determination of milk composition,serum biochemical indexes,antioxidant indexes,rumen fermentation parameters and microbial flora.The results showed that,compared with Group A,the daily milk yield and milk protein yield of Group B were significantly increased(P<0.05),and their milk fat percentage was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Milk urea nitrogen in Group C was significantly lower than that in Groups A and B(P<0.01).There were no significant changes in 4%standard milk,milk fat yield,milk protein rate,lactose rate,total solids rate and milk somatic cell count in the three groups(P>0.05).At 60 days,compared with Group A,the albumin content of Group B was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the glucose content of Group C was significantly decreased(P<0.05).YSE had no significant effects on the other serum biochemical indices of the dairy cows(P>0.05).In this experiment,YSE had no significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows(P>0.05).Compared with Groups A and B,the rumen pH of the dairy cows in Group C was significantly increased(P<0.05),and their valerate content was significantly decreased(P<0.05);but no significant differences were found in other rumen fermentation parameters among the three groups(P>0.05).The methaneyield was inversely proportional to the YSE feeding amount,but there was no significant difference among all the groups(P>0.05).The result

关 键 词：丝兰提取物 奶牛 泌乳性能 血清生化指标 甲烷产量 

分 类 号：S815[农业科学—畜牧学]