薄层色谱常用固定相及其在中药鉴别中的应用优势探讨和展望  

Exploring characteristics and outlook of common stationary phases in thin-layer chromatography and their advantages in identification of traditional Chinese medicine

作　　者：斯子豪 金武燮 潘丽 张鹏森 谷丽华[1,2] 吴立宏 杨莉[1,2] 王峥涛 SI Zi-hao;KIM Mooseob;PAN Li;ZHANG Peng-sen;GU Li-hua;WU Li-hong;YANG Li;WANG Zheng-tao(MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai 201203,China;Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines,Shanghai 201203,China)

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学中药研究所、中药标准化教育部重点实验室、国家中医药管理局中药新资源与质量评价重点实验室,上海201203 [2]上海中药标准化研究中心,上海201203

出　　处：《药物分析杂志》2025年第1期39-50,共12页Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis

基　　金：上海市科技计划项目(21DZ2202100)。

摘　　要：薄层色谱法作为一种平面色谱技术,具有经济、灵活,高通量,直观等特点,被广泛用于多个领域的成分分离分析。其中固定相类型是影响薄层色谱结果的一个重要因素,以《中华人民共和国药典》为例,目前使用的薄层色谱固定相包括硅胶、聚酰胺和纤维素。本文对薄层色谱这3种固定相的特点和应用现状进行了论述。针对野菊花、葶苈子、菟丝子、木蝴蝶、肉苁蓉、蒲黄和儿茶7味中药材为代表的聚酰胺或纤维素薄层方法存在的不足,平行建立了以硅胶为固定相的薄层色谱鉴别方法。该方法斑点丰富,分离度良好,说明硅胶固定相薄层板对部分黄酮、酚酸类成分具有分析优势,该研究结果为相关中药的标准提升提供了参考。本文同时依据薄层色谱法的要素组成探讨了薄层色谱技术的未来发展趋势。Thin layer chromatography(TLC)has been widely used for the separation and analysis of various constituents across multiple fields,owing to its advantages of cost-effectiveness,flexibility,high-throughput,and intuitiveness.Among the factors influencing TLC results,the choice of stationary phase critical.Currently,the main stationary phases used in TLC for identifying Chinese materia medica and Chinese patent medicines recorded in Chinese Pharmcopoeia,are silica gel,polyamide,and cellulose.This article reviews the characteristics and application of these three stationary phases in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines.Using Chrysanthemi Indici Flos,Descurainiae Semen and Lepidii Semen,Oroxyli Semen,Cistanches Herba,Typhae Pollen,and Catechu as examples where traditional method are suboptimal,silica gel plates were employed to develop TLC identification methods with well-defined and abundant spots.These results highlight the clear advantages and feasibility of silica gel as a stationary phase in analyzing flavonoids and phenolic acid components.The findings offer alternative approaches to improve the national standards of these traditional Chinese medicines.Additionally,the article discusses the future development trend of TLC technology.

关 键 词：薄层色谱 硅胶 聚酰胺 纤维素 中药鉴定 质量控制 定性鉴别 

分 类 号：R917[医药卫生—药物分析学]