钡元素的发现及其概念的发展  

Discovery of Barium and Development of Its Concept

作　　者：王江贤 赵爽 袁兴程 WANG Jiang-Xian;ZHAO Shuang;YUAN Xing-Cheng(School of Chemistry and Materials Science,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学化学与材料科学学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《化学教育(中英文)》2025年第4期126-129,共4页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：江苏师范大学本科教育教学改革研究项目“化学教育思想史中思政元素挖掘及内容创新设计”(SZKTYB202303)研究成果。

摘　　要：17世纪初,人们从磷光现象中发现重晶石的存在。1774年,瑞典化学家舍勒证明重晶石是与石膏不同的物质。18世纪末,法国化学家拉瓦锡预言重土等土质不是简单物质。19世纪初,英国化学家戴维从重土中成功制取一种金属并将其命名为“钡”(Barium),钡元素概念初步形成。此后,科学原子论的提出与钡原子量的测量使钡元素概念在微观层面进一步发展。到了20世纪,同位素的发现促进了现代钡元素的概念形成。总而言之,钡元素概念的发展史不仅是人们认识、制取、定义钡元素的元素发现史,还是近代科学的理论和思想以及研究方法的进步史。In the early 17th century,the existence of heavy spar was discovered through its phosphorescence phenomenon.In 1774,Swedish chemist Scheele proved that barite is a substance different from gypsum.At the end of the 18th century,French chemist Lavoisier predicted that heavy soil and other soils were not simple substances.In the early 19th century,British chemist David successfully extracted a metal from heavy soil and named it“Barium”,marking the initial formation of the concept of barium element.Afterwards,the proposal of scientific atomism and the measurement of barium atomic weight further developed the concept of barium element at the microscopic level.In the 20th century,the discovery of isotopes facilitated the formation of the modern concept of barium element.In summary,the development history of the concept of barium is not only the discovery history of people’s understanding,preparation,and definition of barium elements,but also the progress history of modern scientific theories,ideas,and research methods.

关 键 词：钡元素 钡同位素 重晶石 

分 类 号：O614.233[理学—无机化学]