国际农业立法前沿动态及镜鉴——以美法日为例  

Frontier Trends and Lessons Learned from Overseas Agricultural Legislation——Case Study on the United States,France,and Japan

作　　者：杨东霞 李彦岩 陈素华 王陆奇 YANG Dongxia;LI Yanyan;CHEN Suhua;WANG Luqi

机构地区：[1]农业农村部管理干部学院,北京102208 [2]中国农业农村法治研究会,北京102208

出　　处：《世界农业》2025年第3期5-15,共11页World Agriculture

基　　金：农业农村部法规司委托项目“农业法修改重大理论问题研究”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着国际冲突加剧、经济持续下行与极端自然灾害频发,多国政府开始重新审视已有的农业法律政策框架。本文通过追踪2024年正值大选之年的美国、深陷俄乌冲突的欧盟核心成员国法国以及深刻反思粮食安全问题的日本的立法动态,总结出域外农业立法的四个共性特征。一是高度重视农业供应链安全,呈现出后疫情时代“安全优先”的战略考量。二是加强对底层贫困群体的兜底保障,降低因贫富差距扩大带来的冲击,维护社会稳定。三是突出农业代际更新的紧迫性,培育农业新生代力量。四是应对气候变化挑战的“口惠而实不至”,在实施气候雄心、保障粮食安全、获取农民支持等“不可能三角”中做出环保妥协。通过追踪国际农业立法前沿,以期对中国正在进行的《农业法》修订工作提供参考。As international conflicts intensify,the economy continues to decline,and extreme natural disasters occur frequently,many governments have begun to re-examine the existing agricultural legal and policy frameworks.This article tracks legislative developments in 2024 in three countries and regions:the U.S.,which faces a presidential election year;France,a core EU member deeply affected by the Russia-Ukraine conflict;and Japan,which is reflecting deeply on food security issues.From these international legislative trends,four common characteristics of agricultural law emerge.First,emphasis on supply chain security.There is a clear strategic focus on prioritizing safety in the post-pandemic era,highlighting the need to secure food supply chains amid global uncertainties.Second,strengthening Social Safety Nets.Countries are placing greater importance on protecting vulnerable groups to mitigate the social impact of widening wealth gaps,helping to maintain social stability.Third,urgency in Generational Renewal.There is a strong focus on addressing the aging agricultural workforce by fostering a new generation of agricultural talent.The fourth is about climate change trade-offs.While there is vocal commitment to climate action,in practice,many countries are making environmental compromises to balance the“impossible triangle”of climate ambition,food security,and farmer support.By analyzing these international agricultural legislative trends,this article aims to provide insights and references for China’s ongoing revision of its Agricultural Law.

关 键 词：农业立法 国际比较 供应链安全 气候变化 后疫情时代 

分 类 号：F313[经济管理—产业经济] D922.4[政治法律—法学]